Photon-Number Selective Group Delay in Cavity Induced Transparency

Nikoghosyan, Gor; Fleischhauer, Michael

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.105.013601

Cited by 46 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For example, the strong dependence of light propagation on photon number allows the sorting or counting of photons non-destructively 48,56,76 , which, in combination with feedback, could be used to implement various sources of non-classical light fields. Quantum nonlinearities also enable classical nonlinear optical devices, such as routers 77,78 or all-optical switches, to be operated at their fundamental limit.…”

Section: Applications Of Quantum Nonlinear Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum nonlinear optics — photon by photon

2014

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other. This linearity in light propagation, in combination with the high frequency and hence large bandwidth provided by waves at optical frequencies, has made optical signals the preferred method for communicating information over long distances. In contrast, the processing of information requires some form of interaction between signals. In the case of light, such interactions can be enabled by nonlinear optical processes. These processes, which are now found ubiquitously throughout science and technology, include optical modulation and switching, nonlinear spectroscopy and frequency conversion 1 , and have applications across both the physical 2 and biological 3,4 sciences.A long-standing goal in optical science has been the implementation of nonlinear effects at progressively lower light powers or pulse energies. The ultimate limit may be termed 'quantum nonlinear optics' (Box 1) -the regime where individual photons interact so strongly with one another that the propagation of light pulses containing one, two or more photons varies substantially with photon number. Although this domain is difficult to reach owing to the small nonlinear coefficients of bulk optical materials, the potential payoff is significant. The realization of quantum nonlinear optics could improve the performance of classical nonlinear devices, enabling, for example, fast energy-efficient optical transistors that avoid Ohmic heating 5 . Furthermore, nonlinear switches activated by single photons could enable optical quantum information processing and communication 6 , as well as other applications that rely on the generation and manipulation of non-classical light fields 7,8 . The challenge of making photons interactAt low optical powers, most optical materials exhibit only linear optical phenomena, such as refraction and absorption, which can be described by a complex index of refraction. However, a sufficiently intense light beam can modify a material's index of refraction, such that the light propagation becomes power-dependent. This is the essence of classical nonlinear optics (Box 1). Large optical fields are required to alter the index of refraction of conventional bulk materials because a strong nonlinear response can only be induced if the electric field of the light beam acting on the electrons is comparable to the field of the nucleus. As a result, early experimental observations of nonlinear optical phenomena, such as frequencydoubling or sum-frequency generation 9 , were achievable only after the development of powerful lasers. Advances in nonlinear optics over the past four decades have resulted in progressively more efficient nonlinear processes 10 , thus enabling the observation of nonlinear processes at lower and lower light levels. It is natural to inquire if and how these nonlinear interactions can be made so strong that they become important even at the level of individual quanta of radiation. Although this question was addressed in early theoretical studies [11][12][13] , it has become more pressing with the advent of...

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Section: Applications Of Quantum Nonlinear Opticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum nonlinear optics — photon by photon

2014

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“…To facilitate this interaction, we use Electromagnetically-Induced Transparency (EIT) with a blue laser at 481nm, which couples the |5P and |36S states. As shown in Fig 6b., by weakly probing the optical cavity, we anticipate a vacuum Rabi splitting 47 of the optical transition due to presence of the cold atomic cloud, cavity EIT 48 in the presence of the blue light and finally, a splitting of the EIT peaks proportional to the square root of number of photons in the mm-wave cavity, akin to proposed photon-number dependent group velocity experiments in free space 38 . The strong coupling between single optical and mm-wave photons through interactions with atoms can open doors for entanglement and manipulation of mm-wave photons using optical light and vice versa.…”

Section: Appendix B: Calculation Of Hybrid System Cooperativitiesmentioning

confidence: 68%

A tunable high-Q millimeter wave cavity for hybrid circuit and cavity QED experiments

Suleymanzade

Anferov

Stone

et al. 2020

Applied Physics Letters

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The millimeter wave (mm-wave) frequency band provides exciting prospects for quantum science and devices, since many high-fidelity quantum emitters, including Rydberg atoms, molecules and silicon vacancies, exhibit resonances near 100 GHz. High-Q resonators at these frequencies would give access to strong interactions between emitters and single photons, leading to rich and unexplored quantum phenomena at temperatures above 1K. We report a 3D mmwave cavity with a measured single-photon internal quality factor of 3×10 7 and mode volume of 0.14×λ 3 at 98.2 GHz, sufficient to reach strong coupling in a Rydberg cavity QED system. An in-situ piezo tunability of 18 MHz facilitates coupling to specific atomic transitions. Our unique, seamless and optically accessible resonator design is enabled by the realization that intersections of 3D waveguides support tightly confined bound states below the waveguide cutoff frequency. Harnessing the features of our cavity design, we realize a hybrid mm-wave and optical cavity, designed for interconversion and entanglement of mm-wave and optical photons using Rydberg atoms. chemical sensing and effective medical diagnostics 25,26 . Recently, the search for higher bandwidth and lower latency communication brought mm-wave wave frequencies into the focus of the telecommunication industry 27,28 . Once prohibitively limited and expensive, mm-wave technology is be-arXiv:1911.00553v1 [quant-ph] 1 Nov 2019 109 GHz 98 GHz 92 GHz 30 GHz a. b. c. d. e.

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“…We then obtain that as per equation (7). We note parenthetically that if n s ?n p the large spin-J behaves as a harmonic oscillator and the group velocity depends nearly linearly on n p -a situation similar to VIT with Λ-atoms in a cavity [18]. On the other hand, if n s n p , the susceptibility of equation (5) reduces to that of the resonant TLA medium ( g D < | | e ).…”

Section: The Group Velocity Is Thenmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Alternatively, the driving laser can be replaced by an electromagnetic mode of a resonator strongly coupled to the corresponding atomic transition [16,17]. For an initially empty cavity, the resulting vacuum induced transparency (VIT) is sensitive to the number of photons in the input probe pulse and can therefore serve as a photon-number filter [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dipolar exchange induced transparency with Rydberg atoms

Petrosyan

2017

New J. Phys.

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A three-level atomic medium can be made transparent to a resonant probe field in the presence of a strong control field acting on an adjacent atomic transition to a long-lived state, which can be represented by a highly excited Rydberg state. The long-range interactions between the Rydberg state atoms then translate into strong, non-local, dispersive or absorptive interactions between the probe photons, which can be used to achieve deterministic quantum logic gates and single photon sources.Here we show that long-range dipole-dipole exchange interaction with one or more spins-two-level systems represented by atoms in suitable Rydberg states-can play the role of control field for the optically dense medium of atoms. This induces transparency of the medium for a number of probe photons n p not exceeding the number of spins n s , while all the excess photons are resonantly absorbed upon propagation. In the most practical case of a single spin atom prepared in the Rydberg state, the medium is thus transparent only to a single input probe photon. For larger number of spins n s , all n p n s photon components of the probe field would experience transparency but with an n pdependent group velocity.

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Photon-Number Selective Group Delay in Cavity Induced Transparency

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Quantum nonlinear optics — photon by photon

Quantum nonlinear optics — photon by photon

A tunable high-Q millimeter wave cavity for hybrid circuit and cavity QED experiments

Dipolar exchange induced transparency with Rydberg atoms

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