Photon energy dependence of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in graphene

Ayria, Pourya; Nugraha, Ahmad R. T.; Hasdeo, Eddwi H.; Czank, T.; Tanaka, Shin; Saito, Riichiro

doi:10.1103/physrevb.92.195148

Cited by 16 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The final-state wave function

is calculated using the augmented plane waves scattering formalism [ 34 ]. The present theory reproduces well both experiments [ 13 , 18 ] and reveals rapid variations of the character of the outgoing photoelectron wave with energy. These variations manifest themselves also in the electron transmission through the films and in the variations of the dwell time, i.e., the probability to find the scattered electron inside the film.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A more detailed measurement in the range

–55 eV was reported in Ref. [ 18 ], and a rapid variation of the relative intensity for s and p light polarizations was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…A detailed knowledge of the properties of unbound states is important for the interpretation of angle-resolved photoemission (ARPES), which is the most direct source of information about the occupied states. Graphene has been extensively studied with ARPES [ 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ], and apparent final state effects were reported [ 9 , 13 , 14 , 18 , 19 ]. In particular, the circular dichroism [ 12 , 14 , 17 ] is of special interest owing to its close relation to the topological character of 2D states [ 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A characteristic feature of photoemission from graphite [ 21 , 22 ] and graphene [ 10 , 13 , 18 ] is the so-called “dark corridor”, i.e., the suppression of emission with the p -polarized light from the occupied

states along the

line in the second Brillouin zone (BZ) as a result of a destructive interference of the contributions to the photoemission matrix element from the two equivalent sublattices. In the monolayer graphene, the suppressed initial states are odd on reflection in the

line [ 18 , 23 ], so the dark corridor can be illuminated by the s -polarized light incident along

[ 13 ]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab Initio Theory of Photoemission from Graphene

Krasovskii

2021

Nanomaterials

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Angle-resolved photoemission from monolayer and bilayer graphene is studied based on an ab initio one-step theory. The outgoing photoelectron is represented by the time-reversed low energy electron diffraction (LEED) state Φleed*, which is calculated using a scattering theory formulated in terms of augmented plane waves. A strong enhancement of the emission intensity is found to occur around the scattering resonances. The effect of the photoelectron scattering by the underlying substrate on the polarization dependence of the photocurrent is discussed. The constant initial state spectra I(k||,ℏω) are compared to electron transmission spectra T(E) of graphene, and the spatial structure of the outgoing waves is analyzed. It turns out that the emission intensity variations do not correlate with the structure of the T(E) spectra and are caused by rather subtle interference effects. Earlier experimental observations of the photon energy and polarization dependence of the emission intensity I(k||,ℏω) are well reproduced within the dipole approximation, and the Kohn–Sham eigenstates are found to provide a quite reasonable description of the photoemission final states.

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“…The final-state wave function

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…A more detailed measurement in the range

–55 eV was reported in Ref. [ 18 ], and a rapid variation of the relative intensity for s and p light polarizations was observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

states along the

line [ 18 , 23 ], so the dark corridor can be illuminated by the s -polarized light incident along

[ 13 ]. In Ref.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ab Initio Theory of Photoemission from Graphene

Krasovskii

2021

Nanomaterials

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“…Moreover, the revealed circular dichroism reflecting the chirality of massless Dirac fermions in graphene cannot be easily reproduced using similar circularly polarized light and the applied photon energy seems to play an important role for the observed spectra [9][10][11] . Current emphases of the resulting missing spectral weight are quite diverse, for example, on the property of initial states, the interference between photoexcited elec-trons, the effect of photon polarization, and the choice of the final states [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] . Indeed, ARPES measurement provides a way to access the momentum and binding energy of an electron in the Bloch state | kn , but a realistic description of ARPES spectra is complicated requiring knowledge of many-body eigenstates, multiple scattering, surface effects, and so forth [13][14][15][16] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Realization of intrinsically broken Dirac cones in graphene via the momentum-resolved electronic band structure

Lee¹,

Fukuda²,

Lee³

et al. 2018

J. Phys.: Condens. Matter

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A way to represent the band structure that distinguishes between energy-momentum and energy-crystal momentum relationships is proposed upon the band-unfolding concept. This momentum-resolved band structure offers better understanding of the physical processes requiring the information of wave functions in momentum space and provides a direct connection to angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) spectra. Following this approach, we demonstrate that Dirac cones in graphene are intrinsically broken in momentum space and can be described by a conceptual unit cell smaller than the primitive unit cell. This hidden degree of freedom can be measured by ARPES experiments as missing weight that is retrievable by investigating the effect of different polarized light. Having the energy-momentum relationship, we provide alternative understanding of the retrieved momentum intensity beyond the periodic-zone scheme, that is, the retrieved momentum intensity is assisted with the properties of final states, not from the Dirac cones directly. The revealed broken Dirac cones and momenta supplied by the lattice give interesting ingredients for designing advanced nanodevices.

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Recent Advances in Moiré Superlattice Systems by Angle‐Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

Li,

Wan,

2023

Advanced Materials

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The last decade has witnessed a flourish in two‐dimensional (2D) materials including graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) as atomic‐scale Legos. Artificial moiré superlattices via stacking 2D materials with a twist angle and/or a lattice mismatch have recently become a fertile playground exhibiting a plethora of emergent properties beyond their building blocks. These rich quantum phenomena stem from their nontrivial electronic structures that have been effectively tuned by the moiré periodicity. Modern angle‐resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) can directly visualize electronic structures with decent momentum, energy, and spatial resolution, thus could provide enlightening insights into fundamental physics in moiré superlattice systems and guides for designing novel devices. In this review, firstly a brief introduction is given on advanced ARPES techniques and basic ideas of band structures in a moiré superlattice system. Then ARPES research results of various moiré superlattice systems are highlighted, including graphene on substrates with small lattice mismatches, twisted graphene/TMD moiré systems, and high‐order moiré superlattice systems. Finally, we discuss on important questions that remain open, challenges in current experimental investigations and present an outlook on this field of research.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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Photon energy dependence of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy in graphene

Cited by 16 publications

References 28 publications

Ab Initio Theory of Photoemission from Graphene

Ab Initio Theory of Photoemission from Graphene

Realization of intrinsically broken Dirac cones in graphene via the momentum-resolved electronic band structure

Recent Advances in Moiré Superlattice Systems by Angle‐Resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy

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