“…These include fully numerical approaches [15,23], as well as analytic approaches such as the input-output formalism [16], the real-space Bethe ansatz [24], the Lehmann-Symanzik-Zimmermann formalism [25], Laplace transforms [26], a wave-function-based approach [20,27], and master equation formalisms [18]. Several of these approaches allow for analytic determination of single-and two-photon scattering-matrix elements, which directly relate the scattered state to the initial state of the system.…”