Photomicrographic Studies of Morphology of Surface Capillaries in Health and Disease

Callander, C. Latimer

doi:10.1001/jama.1925.02660310026008

Cited by 17 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Figure 1 shows the shaved region of the dorsal corium limbi of the third toe of the left forelimb for good focus of the cutaneous capillaries. Silicone oil was applied to the imaging site to obtain an even surface and sufficient light reflection [6]. To keep the oil in place, a little ultrasound gel was applied in a ring around the investigation site (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig

Hiebl

Mrowietz

Braune

et al. 2009

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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Several methods are available today for the investigation of microcirculation in animal models, but they can be invasive and time-consuming depending on the area investigated. In particular, non-invasive methods that can be conducted rapidly and without dye or tracer injections are in demand.The cutaneous microcirculation can be easily studied in the dorsal corium limbi of the third toe of the porcine forelimb using intravital microscopy -analogous to nail fold capillary microscopy in humans. The capillary microscopy system consists of a reflected-light microscope with a cold light source, green and infrared filters and a video camera. The video sequences were recorded using the image capture system Framegrabber (Imagenation PXC-200) and a PC (with an Intel Core 2 Duo processor, 1024 MB RAM, 160 GB hard disk, Windows XP Pro), and stored via a DVD recorder (Panasonic LQ-MD800).Quantification of capillary erythrocyte flow velocities was performed using the computer-assisted image analysis system Cap Image Version 8.5 which includes a movie tool as a video sequence storage medium. The method allows estimation of capillary density and tortuosity as well as capillary circulation in the anesthetized pig within a few minutes. First measurements were made after anesthesia induction followed by further measurements during anesthesia maintenance (3 minutes each). No differences in capillary circulation were found.The present method is thus very well suited for long-term microcirculation measurements in pigs, e.g., to evaluate therapeutic interventions in the ischemic limb model.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig

Hiebl

Mrowietz

Braune

et al. 2009

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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“…Provision is made for adjustment in three directions by means of screws so that the finger can be placed in any desired position by the operator without voluntary movement on the part of the patient. 5. The camera ( fig.…”

Section: The Apparatusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies on Human Capillaries

Crawford¹,

Rosenberger²

1926

J. Clin. Invest.

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Lombard (1) in 1911 showed that bv illuminating the skin the capillaries could be seen under the microscope. Since then many observations have been carried out on the changes which take place in these vessels in health and disease. The early observations which were made recorded the impressions of the author but had no quantitative basis. In recent years photographic records have been made by some investigators in order to study the changes which take pJace in human capillaries. This method is suitable for recording gross changes which last for a considerable length of time, such as comparing the form of the capillaries in different diseased conditions. Many changes which take place in the capillary circulation are however rapid and so fleeting that it seemed desirable, if they were to be placed on a quantitative basis, to obtain records at a more rapid rate than one could do by ordinary photography. It seemed possible that cinematographic records would enable one to follow these changes and subsequently analyse them in detail by measurement.The possibility of studying alterations in the capillaries by means of cinematography first suggested itself to Krogh and Rehberg (2). They developed a method of taking photographs of the circulation in the capillaries in the tissues of Rana temporaria. It is naturally simpler to obtain records from the tissues of frogs than from human tissues since for this purpose a technique resembling that used in histological photomicrography suffices. In the human case, however, transmitted light cannot be used, so Lombard's method of illumination from above has been universally adopted. This method is difficult because by it contrast and intensity of light are much reduced com-343

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“…Estudos subseqüentes utilizaram diversos sistemas de magnificação óptica para a visualização de capilares em diferentes locais do organismo humano, tais como a conjuntiva ocular, lábios, região periungueal e polpa digital [1][2][3][4][5] …”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Capilaroscopia panorâmica periungueal e sua aplicação em doenças reumáticas

Silva

Lima

Pucinelli

et al. 1997

Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.

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zido em 1987 mediante um amplo estudo de padronização da normalidade para nossa população 11 . A CPU panorâmica tem boa reprodutibilidade e espelha adequadamente os achados anatomopatológicos 9,10,[12][13][14] . Entretanto, deve-se ter em mente que a CPU fornece uma imagem indireta do capilar, pois com as fontes de luz disponíveis visualiza-se apenas o fluxo sanguíneo moldado pelas paredes dos capilares 8 . MÉTODO DE EXECUÇÃO DO EXAMEO instrumento óptico mais adequado é a lupa estereomicroscópica, embora possam ser empregados, a título de triagem, outros instrumentos de magnificação, como a lupa de mão, oftalmoscópio e microscopia convencional. A epiiluminação deve provir de fonte de baixa irradiação térmica, incidindo a 45º sobre a superfície da pele.A aplicação de um meio oleoso e transparente (óleo de imersão, glicerina) sobre a região a ser examinada nivela a superfície irregular da pele, o que permite a entrada e saída homogênea dos raios luminosos e torna a pele translúcida 8,11 . Embora os dedos anular e mínimo ofereçam, em geral, melhor visibilidade, todos os dedos das mãos devem ser examinados, pois alterações microangiopáticas podem ser focais e restritas a apenas alguns dedos. Para melhores resultados, deve-se orientar o paciente a não retirar a cutícula por no mínimo três semanas antecedendo a avaliação. O edema resultante da retirada da cutícula prejudica acentuadamente o estudo dos capilares periungueais.A CPU permite a visualização do plexo venoso subpapilar (PVS) e capilares das papilas dér-micas. As observações feitas restringem-se aos capilares da fileira distal, ou seja, imediatamente proximais à borda ungueal e à cutícula. Esses capilares são, normalmente, bem visualizados de forma longitudinal em seus três segmentos, aferente, transição e eferente. Os capilares das fileiras proximais são usualmente visualizados como pequenos pontos correspondendo ao topo do segmento de transição ( fig. 1). INTRODUÇÃOA capilaroscopia periungueal (CPU) consiste na visualização in vivo da rede microvascular da região periungueal. Trata-se de um exame não-invasivo e de fácil execução, que tem encontrado grande aplicação no estudo das acro-síndromes vasculares e de doenças auto-imunes reumáticas sistêmicas.Aparentemente, a primeira descrição de capilaroscopia microscópica data de 1663, tendo sido realizada por Johan Christophorous Kohlhaus. Estudos subseqüentes utilizaram diversos sistemas de magnificação óptica para a visualização de capilares em diferentes locais do organismo humano, tais como a conjuntiva ocular, lábios, região periungueal e polpa digital [1][2][3][4][5]

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Photomicrographic Studies of Morphology of Surface Capillaries in Health and Disease

Cited by 17 publications

References 1 publication

Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig

Intravital microscopy of the capillary perfusion in the corium limbi of the third toe of the minipig

Studies on Human Capillaries

Capilaroscopia panorâmica periungueal e sua aplicação em doenças reumáticas

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