Abstract:Abstract:We conduct BVRI and R band photometric observations of asteroid (5247) Krylov from January 2016 to April 2016 for 51 nights using the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet). The color indices of (5247) Krylov at the light curve maxima are determined as B − V = 0.841 ± 0.035, V − R = 0.418 ± 0.031, and V − I = 0.871 ± 0.031 where the phase angle is 14.1• . They are acquired after the standardization of BVRI instrumental measurements using the ensemble normalization technique. Based on the color … Show more
“…NPA rotation of Krylov was first reported by Pravec et al (2006). Following this, Lee et al (2017) confirmed NPA rotation of Krylov based on its double-period light curve (P 1 = 82.188 hr, P 2 = 67.13 hr), and they classified the taxonomy of this asteroid as the S-type. In addition, the diameter of Krylov has been estimated independently by infrared observations of satellites AKARI and NEO-WISE: however, the AKARI diameter (10.44 ± 0.37 km; Usui et al 2011) does not match well with the NEOWISE diameters (7.716 ± 0.043 or 8.665 ± 0.557 km; Mainzer et al 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 72%
“…1 shows a part of the 2017 light curves. In addition, a part of the 2016 light curves by Lee et al (2017) was reproduced in the third panel of Fig. 1.…”
Section: Disk-integrated Photometrymentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The dataset collected over 51 nights in 2016 at the KMTNet three sites (? ), was already published by Lee et al (2017), whereas the data from 2006 and 2017 have not been published before. All the observations were made using multiple 0.35-2.1-m telescopes equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras.…”
Section: Disk-integrated Photometrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to period analysis of the simulated light curve of a tumbling asteroid, the primary ( f 1 ) and secondary ( f 2 ) frequencies are usually determined by combining the rotation and precession frequencies, 2 f φ , 2( f φ ± f ψ ) (where + sign is for LAM and − for SAM), and f φ (Kaasalainen 2001). Thus, we checked the possible frequency combinations based on the results of a previous study by Lee et al (2017), with f 1 = 0.58402 cycles/day and f 2 = 0.7124 cycles/day. As a result, we selected three candidates for frequency combination,…”
Context. The study of non-principal axis (NPA) rotators can provide important clues to the evolution of the spin state of asteroids. However, so far, very few studies have focused on NPA-rotating main-belt asteroids (MBAs). One of MBAs that are known to be in an excited rotation state is asteroid (5247) Krylov. Aims. By using disk-integrated photometric data, we construct a physical model of (5247) Krylov including shape and spin state. Methods. We apply the light curve convex inversion method employing optical light curves obtained by using ground-based telescopes in three apparitions during 2006, 2016, and 2017, along with infrared light curves obtained by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite in 2010. Results. Asteroid (5247) Krylov is spinning in a short axis mode (SAM) characterized by rotation and precession periods of 368.7 hr and 67.27 hr, respectively. The angular momentum vector orientation of Krylov is found to be λ L = 298 • and β L = −58 • . The ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the basic spin state energy E/E 0 1.02 shows that the (5247) Krylov is about 2% excited state compared to the Principal Axis (PA) rotation state. The shape of (5247) Krylov can be approximated by an elongated prolate ellipsoid with a ratio of moments of inertia of I a : I b : I c = 0.36 : 0.96 : 1. This is the first physical model of NPA rotator among MBAs. The physical processes that led to the current NPA rotation cannot be unambiguously reconstructed.
“…NPA rotation of Krylov was first reported by Pravec et al (2006). Following this, Lee et al (2017) confirmed NPA rotation of Krylov based on its double-period light curve (P 1 = 82.188 hr, P 2 = 67.13 hr), and they classified the taxonomy of this asteroid as the S-type. In addition, the diameter of Krylov has been estimated independently by infrared observations of satellites AKARI and NEO-WISE: however, the AKARI diameter (10.44 ± 0.37 km; Usui et al 2011) does not match well with the NEOWISE diameters (7.716 ± 0.043 or 8.665 ± 0.557 km; Mainzer et al 2019).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 72%
“…1 shows a part of the 2017 light curves. In addition, a part of the 2016 light curves by Lee et al (2017) was reproduced in the third panel of Fig. 1.…”
Section: Disk-integrated Photometrymentioning
confidence: 97%
“…The dataset collected over 51 nights in 2016 at the KMTNet three sites (? ), was already published by Lee et al (2017), whereas the data from 2006 and 2017 have not been published before. All the observations were made using multiple 0.35-2.1-m telescopes equipped with charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras.…”
Section: Disk-integrated Photometrymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…According to period analysis of the simulated light curve of a tumbling asteroid, the primary ( f 1 ) and secondary ( f 2 ) frequencies are usually determined by combining the rotation and precession frequencies, 2 f φ , 2( f φ ± f ψ ) (where + sign is for LAM and − for SAM), and f φ (Kaasalainen 2001). Thus, we checked the possible frequency combinations based on the results of a previous study by Lee et al (2017), with f 1 = 0.58402 cycles/day and f 2 = 0.7124 cycles/day. As a result, we selected three candidates for frequency combination,…”
Context. The study of non-principal axis (NPA) rotators can provide important clues to the evolution of the spin state of asteroids. However, so far, very few studies have focused on NPA-rotating main-belt asteroids (MBAs). One of MBAs that are known to be in an excited rotation state is asteroid (5247) Krylov. Aims. By using disk-integrated photometric data, we construct a physical model of (5247) Krylov including shape and spin state. Methods. We apply the light curve convex inversion method employing optical light curves obtained by using ground-based telescopes in three apparitions during 2006, 2016, and 2017, along with infrared light curves obtained by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) satellite in 2010. Results. Asteroid (5247) Krylov is spinning in a short axis mode (SAM) characterized by rotation and precession periods of 368.7 hr and 67.27 hr, respectively. The angular momentum vector orientation of Krylov is found to be λ L = 298 • and β L = −58 • . The ratio of the rotational kinetic energy to the basic spin state energy E/E 0 1.02 shows that the (5247) Krylov is about 2% excited state compared to the Principal Axis (PA) rotation state. The shape of (5247) Krylov can be approximated by an elongated prolate ellipsoid with a ratio of moments of inertia of I a : I b : I c = 0.36 : 0.96 : 1. This is the first physical model of NPA rotator among MBAs. The physical processes that led to the current NPA rotation cannot be unambiguously reconstructed.
“…Apparently, our principal-axis-rotation model is good enough given the quality and coverage of the data to fit the main period in light curves of some tumblers. For example, our principal-axis-rotation model of (5247) Krylov has the rotation period of 82.291 h, which is the most prominent period of its light curves given by a combination of two physical periods of free precession: 1/82.291 ≈ 1/68.15 h − 1/396.30 h (Lee et al 2017(Lee et al , 2018.…”
Context. Rotation properties (spin-axis direction and rotation period) and coarse shape models of asteroids can be reconstructed from their disk-integrated brightness when measured from various viewing geometries. These physical properties are essential for creating a global picture of structure and dynamical evolution of the main belt. Aims. The number of shape and spin models can be increased not only when new data are available, but also by combining independent data sets and inverting them together. Our aim was to derive new asteroid models by processing readily available photometry. Methods. We used asteroid photometry compiled in the Lowell Observatory photometry database with photometry from the Gaia Data Release 2. Both data sources are available for about 5400 asteroids. In the framework of the Asteroids@home distributed computing project, we applied the light curve inversion method to each asteroid to find its convex shape model and spin state that fits the observed photometry.Results. Due to the limited number of Gaia DR2 data points and poor photometric accuracy of Lowell data, we were able to derive unique models for only ∼ 1100 asteroids. Nevertheless, 762 of these are new models that significantly enlarge the current database of about 1600 asteroid models. Conclusions. Our results demonstrate the importance of a combined approach to inversion of asteroid photometry. While our models in general agree with those obtained by separate inversion of Lowell and Gaia data, the combined inversion is more robust, model parameters are more constrained, and unique models can be reconstructed in many cases when individual data sets alone are not sufficient.
Studying small near-Earth asteroids is important in order to understand their dynamical histories and origins as well as to mitigate the damage caused by asteroid impacts on Earth. We report the results of multicolor photometry of the tiny near-Earth asteroid 2015 RN35 using the 3.8 m Seimei telescope in Japan and the TRAPPIST-South telescope in Chile over 17 nights in 2022 December and 2023 January. We observed 2015 RN35 across a wide range of phase angles from 2° to 30° in the g, r, i, and z bands in the Pan-STARRS system. These lightcurves show that 2015 RN35 is in a nonprincipal axis spin state with two characteristic periods of 1149.7 ± 0.3 s and 896.01 ± 0.01 s. We found that the slope of the visible spectrum of 2015 RN35 is as red as asteroid (269) Justitia, one of the very red objects in the main belt, which indicates that 2015 RN35 can be classified as an A- or Z-type asteroid. In conjunction with the shallow slope of the phase curve, we suppose that 2015 RN35 is a high-albedo A-type asteroid. We demonstrated that surface properties of tiny asteroids could be well constrained by intensive observations across a wide range of phase angles. 2015 RN35 is a possible mission-accessible A-type near-Earth asteroid with a small Δv of 11.801 km s−1 in the launch window between 2030 and 2035.
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