Ascorbic acid is an important vitamin which participates in a great variety of biological events concerning electron-transport reactions, hydroxylations, the oxidative catabolism of aromatic amino acids and so on. The determination of ascorbic acid (AA) has gained increased significance in pharmaceutic, clinical and food applications. Numerous papers and reviews 1-3 have described the determination of AA. The methods used include titrimetric, spectrophotometric, fluorometric, electrochemical, chromatographic, kinetic and chemiluminescence procedures.Enzymatic assays have considerable advantages over the traditional analytical procedures because of their rapidity and high selectivity. 4 The growing interest in enzymatic methods for the determination of AA has been demonstrated in reports in which ascorbic acid oxidase (EC 1.11.1.17) or peroxidase (EC 1.10.3.3) was used. In the ascorbic acid oxidase-based determination, 5 AA was oxidized with oxygen catalyzed by the enzyme.In the peroxidase-catalyzed method, 6 the determination was based on the interference of AA with the peroxidase-catalyzed reaction. 7 Besides, Huang et al. 8 carried out a laccase (EC 1.10.3.2)-based micellar enhanced spectrofluorometric determination of ascorbic acid.However, many enzymes are expensive and unstable. Chemists and biologists have often attempted to mimic the biological properties of such natural systems. As we know, the heme iron acts as an activity center of horseradish peroxidase (HRP), which was used by Zhu et al. 9 to determine AA. It was based on the interference of AA on the peroxidase activity. Other workers 10 introduced some synthesized metalloporphyin to act as substitutes for HRP, which were also applied to an enzymatic assay for AA. However, simple natural or synthetic metalloporphyrins do not show satisfactory activity and selectivity because they lack the spatial structure of a natural enzyme, which is essential for the special inclusion behavior between the enzyme and the substrate. Hemoglobin (Hb), a necessary vehicle for oxygen carriage in the body, has the natural quaternary structure as enzymes. It contains four subunits of polypeptide, and each polypeptide chain contains a heme group that may be able to serve as the active center. Encouraged by reports on studies of peroxidase substitutes and the natural spatial structure of Hb, as well as its cheaper price, we expected Hb to be a mimic enzyme for HRP. Up to the present, there has been no report on the application of Hb to the analysis AA.In this work, based on the Hb-catalyzed reaction, we found that a small amount of AA could strongly enhance both the fluorescence intensity and reaction rate. What is more, there is a good linearity between the fluorescent intensity change and the amount of AA at low concentration. Thus, a highly sensitive spectrofluorometry for AA was established.
Experimental
ReagentsUnless stated otherwise, deionized and distilled water was used throughout. p-Cresol (Aldrich) was 99% pure; a stock solution was prepared by mixing 0.15 mL o...