Photometric complex-formation titration of submicromolar amounts of zirconium

Kragten, J.; Ozinga, W.

doi:10.1016/0039-9140(81)80003-3

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Zirconium stock solution 2.7 )/ 10 (2 M was prepared by dissolving 5.0019 g of Zr(SO 4 ) 2 ×/H 2 O (B.D.H. Laboratory Reagents) in 33.9 ml of concentrated H 2 SO 4 to prevent the polymerisation of Zr and then making up the volume to 500 ml with water [8,9]. Zirconium working solution (3.0 )/10 (4 M) was daily prepared from stock solution.…”

Section: Reagents and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorimetric determination of fluoride in a flow assembly integrated on-line to an open/closed FIA system to remove interference by solid phase extraction

Garrido¹,

Lista²,

Palomeque³

et al. 2002

Talanta

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Section: Reagents and Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorimetric determination of fluoride in a flow assembly integrated on-line to an open/closed FIA system to remove interference by solid phase extraction

Garrido¹,

Lista²,

Palomeque³

et al. 2002

Talanta

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“…However, the level of Zr/Hf separation efficiency by means of the ion exchange method or its change in different states of zirconium(IV) sulfate solutions may be indirect evidence of the existence of such species. In favorable conditions for the formation of polynuclear complexes of zirconium(IV) (e.g., [Zr 4 (OH) 8 9 ] −23 ) have to appear as well, because of the similar properties of hafnium when compared with those of zirconium. In this case slight differences in the affinities of the simple ions (Zr 4+ and Hf 4+ ) to the resin diminish additionally, which causes a lowering of their separating factor (SF) by means of the ion exchange method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Concentrations of Zirconium(IV) Sulphate and Sulphuric Acid on Sorption of Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) on Purolite S-957 Resin. Adsorption Isotherms of Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) Ions

Smolik

Siepietowski

Jakóbik‐Kolon

2014

Solvent Extraction and Ion Exchange

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The optimal conditions of separation of zirconium(IV) from hafnium(IV) on Purolite S-957 ion-exchange resin in their sulfate aqueous solutions using a static method has been determined to be 0,07 M Zr(SO 4 ) 2 (containing 2% Hf) in 0,5 M H 2 SO 4. Higher Zr(IV) concentration causes a lowering of the Zr/Hf separation efficiency due to the oligocondensation of mononuclear Zr(IV) and Hf(IV) ions resulting in the formation of Zr(IV) or mixed Zr(IV)-Hf(IV) oligohydroxo-sulfato ions, which is not prevented by the parallel increase of acidity of the solution. The same effect can be observed when analyzing the shapes of adsorption isotherms, which are similar for both Zr(IV) and Hf(IV).

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“…During the synthesis of Zr nanoparticles, ligands are used to prevent the precipitation of Zr oxides and to limit the growth of Zr nanoparticles beyond the desired particle size. [18][19][20][21][22][23] The ligands do so by covering the surface of the nanoparticle through the formation of chemical bonds with its surface oxygens or by chelating Zr. [21,22,24] The stabilization of the nanoparticles is important for applications such as polymer nanocomposites and thin dielectric films.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of zirconium crosslinker chemical structure and polymer choice on the performance of crosslinked fracturing fluids

Almubarak

Nasr‐El‐Din

et al. 2021

Can J Chem Eng

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Commonly used borate crosslinkers produce weak fracturing fluids at high temperature, high pressure, high salinity, and low pH conditions. Accordingly, zirconium crosslinkers were developed to address these shortcomings. Zirconium crosslinking chemistry is complicated and depends on many factors such as pH, ionic strength, ligand type, ligand order, and ligand to metal ratio. This work evaluated the rheological performance of four commercial zirconium crosslinkers with a polysaccharide and a polyacrylamide. The tested crosslinkers are manufactured with similar zirconium content but differ in ligand type and ligand order, producing different crosslinker chemical structures. The rheological performance was assessed using an HPHT rheometer at 93–204°C for 1.5 h. Shear tolerance performance was evaluated under shear rates of 40 s−1–1000 s−1. The results showed substantial variation in crosslinking performance due to the differences in the crosslinker chemical structure and type of polymer used. Zirconium lactate and propylene glycol crosslinker exhibited the greatest enhancement in shear and thermal stability with the polysaccharide‐based fracturing fluid. Remarkably, the same crosslinker performed the least with the polyacrylamide‐based fracturing fluid. However, Zirconium triethanolamine and lactate demonstrated considerable improvements in shear and thermal stability with the polyacrylamide‐based system. The work unravelled the influence of the zirconium crosslinker ligand type and ligand order on the rheological properties of both tested polymers. The performance evaluation showed that shear resistance, crosslinking delay, and thermal stability could be improved by utilizing the appropriate crosslinkers. The enhancements ultimately reduce additional additives required, prevent screenouts, and save cost during field treatments.

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Photometric complex-formation titration of submicromolar amounts of zirconium

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Fluorimetric determination of fluoride in a flow assembly integrated on-line to an open/closed FIA system to remove interference by solid phase extraction

Fluorimetric determination of fluoride in a flow assembly integrated on-line to an open/closed FIA system to remove interference by solid phase extraction

The Effects of Concentrations of Zirconium(IV) Sulphate and Sulphuric Acid on Sorption of Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) on Purolite S-957 Resin. Adsorption Isotherms of Zirconium(IV) and Hafnium(IV) Ions

Influence of zirconium crosslinker chemical structure and polymer choice on the performance of crosslinked fracturing fluids

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