1994
DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.14-05-03083.1994
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Photomechanical movements of cultured embryonic photoreceptors: regulation by exogenous neuromodulators and by a regulable source of endogenous dopamine

Abstract: In the retina of nonmammalian vertebrates, light regulates photoreceptor morphology by causing rod photoreceptor elongation and cone photoreceptor contraction. The opposite photomechanical movements occur in the dark, and proceed with a circadian rhythm in many species in vivo. Using dissociated cultures of embryonic chick retina cells, we have recently demonstrated that photoreceptor cells that differentiate in vitro acquire the capacity of responding to light/dark cycles with photomechanical movements (Stenk… Show more

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Cited by 38 publications
(18 citation statements)
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“…A large body of evidence indicates that adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signaling pathways, driven in photoreceptors by adenosine at night and dopamine during the day, play an important role in this transition. The adaptive mechanisms in photoreceptors controlled by these pathways include opposing photomechanical movements of rods and cones (Dearry and Burnside, 1985; Pierce and Besharse, 1985; Dearry et al , 1990; Stenkamp et al , 1994; Rey and Burnside, 1999), modulation of calcium currents (Stella and Thoreson, 2000; Stella et al , 2002; Stella et al , 2003) and chloride currents (Thoreson et al , 2002), and changes in rod-cone (Yang and Wu, 1989; Krizaj et al , 1998; Ribelayga et al , 2008) and cone-cone (Copenhagen and Green, 1987) gap junctional coupling. The net effect of most of these adaptive changes is to reduce rod input and increase cone input to post-receptoral neurons during the day or when adapted to bright light (Witkovsky et al , 1988; Witkovsky et al , 1989; Wang and Mangel, 1996; Ribelayga et al , 2002).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…A large body of evidence indicates that adenylyl cyclase/cAMP signaling pathways, driven in photoreceptors by adenosine at night and dopamine during the day, play an important role in this transition. The adaptive mechanisms in photoreceptors controlled by these pathways include opposing photomechanical movements of rods and cones (Dearry and Burnside, 1985; Pierce and Besharse, 1985; Dearry et al , 1990; Stenkamp et al , 1994; Rey and Burnside, 1999), modulation of calcium currents (Stella and Thoreson, 2000; Stella et al , 2002; Stella et al , 2003) and chloride currents (Thoreson et al , 2002), and changes in rod-cone (Yang and Wu, 1989; Krizaj et al , 1998; Ribelayga et al , 2008) and cone-cone (Copenhagen and Green, 1987) gap junctional coupling. The net effect of most of these adaptive changes is to reduce rod input and increase cone input to post-receptoral neurons during the day or when adapted to bright light (Witkovsky et al , 1988; Witkovsky et al , 1989; Wang and Mangel, 1996; Ribelayga et al , 2002).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Exposure to dopamine or D 2 agonists causes a significant decrease in the apparent affinity of CNGCs at night but has no effect on these channels during the day. It is well established that D 2 receptors are pertussis toxin sensitive G protein‐coupled receptors that mediate the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and cause a decrease in cAMP formation in the retina (Iuvone 1986, 1990; Stenkamp et al. 1994).…”
Section: Circadian Regulation Of Ion Channelsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Melatonin is an indolic hormone derived from tryptophan that acts locally in the eye, where it regulates many physiological processes in different species (Besharse and Dunis 1983;Dubocovich 1983;Pierce and Besharse 1985). Specifically in the chicken retina, melatonin inhibits cyclic AMP accumulation and dopamine synthesis (Nowak et al 1992;Iuvone and Gan 1994) and regulates the photomechanical movements of cones (Stenkamp et al 1994). Melatonin synthesis from its precursor serotonin, requires two enzymes: arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AANAT: EC 2.3.1.87) and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT: EC 2.1.1.4, also named acetylserotonin-methyltransferase: ASMT).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%