Photolysis of (+)-cis-caran-5-one

Carson, M.; Cocker, Wesley; Evans, S. M.; Shannon, P. V. R.

doi:10.1039/c29690000726

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the case of microsomes, the incubation medium contained 100 mM KF and 1.0% Triton X-100 and, for peroxisomes, 5 mM KF and no detergent. After incubation, the lipids were extracted with butanol and dephosphorylated enzymatically [16]. The polyprenols were quantirated by reversed-phase HPLC, with direct elution through a radioactivity flow-detector.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of dolichol and cholesterol synthesis in microsomes and peroxisomes isolated from rat liver

1995

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The participation of peroxisomal and microsomal fractions from rat liver in dolichol and cholesterol synthesis was investigated using marker enzymes. Recovery was 8% for peroxisomes and 33% for microsomes, with virtually no cross-contamination between these fractions. Using these data, it was calculated that the peroxisomal branch-point enzyme activities for dolichol and cholesterol biosynthesis, i.e. cis-prenyltransferase and squalene synthase, were 25% and 12%, respectively, of the total homogenate activity. Treatment with mevinolin increased the peroxisomal contribution in the case of both enzymes, to levels almost equal to that of their microsomal counterparts. These results indicate that peroxisomes play a role in the biosynthesis of isoprenoid lipids and that the extent of this participation is increased extensively when peroxisomes are induced by various treatments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of dolichol and cholesterol synthesis in microsomes and peroxisomes isolated from rat liver

1995

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“…A possible remedy may therefore be to increase the surface roughness length, z, , over land. However, experiments with the 11-layer model have found that the general circulation is comparatively insensitive to changes in 2, (Carson 1982). The reason for this is not hard to find.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization

Palmer

Shutts

Swinbank

1986

Quart J Royal Meteoro Soc

716

448

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SUMMARYSystematic westerly biases in the northern hemisphere wintertime flow of the Meteorological Office 15-layer operational model and 11-layer general circulation model are described. Evidence that the failure to parametrize subgrid-scale orographic gravity wave drag may account for such biases is presented. This evidence is taken from aircraft studies, surface pressure drag measurements, and studies of the zonally averaged momentum budget. A parametrization scheme is described in which the surface stress is proportional to the near-surface wind speed and static stability, and to the variance of subgrid-scale orography. The stress is absorbed in the vertical by considering the influence of such gravity wave activity on static stability and vertical wind shear. A Richardson-number-dependent wave breaking formulation is devised, and the vertical stress profile determined by a saturation hypothesis whereby the breaking waves are maintained at marginal stability. It is shown that wave breaking preferentially occurs in the boundary layer and in the lower stratosphere.Results from a simple zonally symmetric model show how the adjustment to thermal wind balance with a wave drag in the stratosphere, warms polar regions by adiabatic descent, and decelerates the mean westerlies in the troposphere.The influence of the parametrization scheme on integrations of the 11-layer model is described, and found to be generally beneficial.In a discussion of the reasons why this problem has only recently emerged, it is suggested that the satisfactory northern hemisphere winter circulations of previous, coarser general circulation models were due to a compensation implied by underestimating both the surface drag, and the horizontal flux of momentum hy explicitly resolved large-scale eddies.

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“…In the daytime convective boundary layer the surface represents the source of buoyancy flux and this led to the definition of an entrainment ratio, k, given by which is found to assume typical values of 0.2 to 0.3 (Rayment and Readings 1974;Carson 1973;Caughey and Palmer 1979). For nocturnal stratocumulus the surface heat flux is of minor importance' since turbulence at cloud top is driven by radiative cooling, thus a more appropriate definition for k may be, k = ( w e d o o ) / ( w T u ) However I, is estimated to be about 5pms-I K in this study giving an entrained flux of about one-tenth of the value given by Eq.…”

Section: Magnitude Of the Entrainment Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

A field study of nocturnal stratocumulus II Turbulence structure and entrainment

Caughey¹,

Crease²,

Roach³

1982

Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society

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Tethered balloon-borne instrumentation has been used to study the small-scale air motion and temperature variations occurring within a layer of nocturnal stratocumulus. The observations indicate a very sharp and intermittently turbulent entrainment interfacial layer with some evidence for a characteristic entrainment scale of about 10m. Within the cloud layer convective motions are apparent and these take the form of cold, downward moving plumes which increase in scale away from cloud top. They are generated by the large radiative loss from the upper part of the cloud. Some statistical features of the turbulence field in cloud are discussed and compared with other observations from stratocumulus and the daytime convective boundary layer.

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Photolysis of (+)-cis-caran-5-one

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of dolichol and cholesterol synthesis in microsomes and peroxisomes isolated from rat liver

Estimation of dolichol and cholesterol synthesis in microsomes and peroxisomes isolated from rat liver

Alleviation of a systematic westerly bias in general circulation and numerical weather prediction models through an orographic gravity wave drag parametrization

A field study of nocturnal stratocumulus II Turbulence structure and entrainment

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