Photolysis of 1-nitropyrene: HONO and NO formations, optical property changes and mechanism insights

You, Di; Yang, Wenjun; Xu, Wenwen; Yan, Ran; Han, Chong

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2021.118925

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 62 publications

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“…The study of Zhou et al (2021) showed that HULIS can account for 52%-81% of the total fluorescence in the same set of samples, suggesting that it may account for a large fraction of total snow organics and potentially contributes to the HONO and NO 2 − formation from photosensitized chemistry during snowmelt photolysis, although the photosensitization ability of different HULIS in snowmelt can vary dramatically (McNeill & Canonica, 2016). Apart from that, other possible photochemical sources of HONO may also have a contribution, such as the photolysis of nitroaromatic compounds (Bejan et al, 2006;Li et al, 2020;Meusel et al, 2017;You et al, 2022). Although the study of Zhou et al (2022) suggested that nitroaromatics dominated the light absorption above 320 nm in some of our snowmelt samples, we cannot evaluate their contributions to HONO production due to their unknown structures and concentrations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the triplet state of photosensitizers such as HULIS could convert O 2 and NO 3 ˉ to O 2 • ˉ and NO 2 (Wang, Huang, et al., 2021), respectively, both of which are precursors of HONO and/or NO 2 − . Photolysis of nitroaromatic compounds may also have contributed (Bejan et al., 2006; Li et al., 2020; Meusel et al., 2017; You et al., 2022). Notably, the pH and P(HONO) (g) of snowmelt samples collected from rural/remote areas were significantly lower and higher than those from urban/industrial sites, respectively, indicating a significant influence of the anthropogenic activities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is now generally accepted that HONO can be directly emitted into the atmosphere from traffic, soil emissions, etc. (Kirchstetter et al., 1996; Su et al., 2011; Xu et al., 2015), while it can also be formed through gas‐phase or heterogeneous reactions, including the gas‐phase reaction of NO with • OH (Kleffmann, 2007; Lee et al., 2016), heterogeneous reactions and photosensitized conversion of NO 2 on various surfaces (Crilley et al., 2021; Finlayson‐Pitts et al., 2003; George et al., 2005; Stemmler et al., 2006), photolysis of nitric acid and nitrate anions (NO 3 − ) (Scharko et al., 2014; Wang, Dalton, et al., 2020; Zhou et al., 2003, 2011), neonicotinoid nitenpyram ozonolysis (Wang, Ezell, et al., 2020) and nitroaromatic compounds photolysis (Bejan et al., 2006; Li et al., 2020; Meusel et al., 2017; You et al., 2022). Besides, local micrometeorological processes, such as the formation of an atmospheric stable decoupled layer at the ground level, can significantly influence the HONO concentrations in the air (Wang, Li, et al., 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…• Significant formation of HONO (g) was observed upon photolysis of acidic liquid snowmelt samples collected from 28 sites across northwestern China • HONO formation was attributed to the photochemistry of aqueous nitrate ions in the presence of complex organics in the snowmelt • HONO (g) release was highly correlated with the pH of snowmelt, which has evident regional characteristics likely influenced by anthropogenic activities George et al, 2005;Stemmler et al, 2006), photolysis of nitric acid and nitrate anions (NO 3 − ) (Scharko et al, 2014;Wang, Dalton, et al, 2020;Zhou et al, 2003Zhou et al, , 2011, neonicotinoid nitenpyram ozonolysis (Wang, Ezell, et al, 2020) and nitroaromatic compounds photolysis (Bejan et al, 2006;Li et al, 2020;Meusel et al, 2017;You et al, 2022). Besides, local micrometeorological processes, such as the formation of an atmospheric stable decoupled layer at the ground level, can significantly influence the HONO concentrations in the air (Wang, Li, et al, 2021).…”

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Snowmelt Leads to Seasonal Nitrous Acid Formation Across Northwestern China

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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28 snowpack samples were collected across northern Xinjiang, northwestern China in January 2018. 16 of these liquid snowmelt samples, 15 with pH < 6.8 and one with the highest nitrate anion (NO3−) concentration, were selected to investigate the photochemical gaseous nitrous acid (HONO) production rate (P(HONO)(g)), which was observed to range from 4.0 to 180.9 ppt min−1 at room temperature. Surprisingly, the ratio of HONO production rate and NO3− concentration (P(HONO)(g)/[NO3ˉ]) was significantly higher than those obtained from the photolysis of aqueous NO3− solutions with similar pH, due to the complex organic compounds present in the snowmelt samples, enhancing HONO formation or the coexistence of other photochemical HONO sources. We also found that P(HONO)(g) was highly correlated with the pH of snowmelt samples, which were significantly lower in rural/remote areas than those from urban/industrial sites, suggesting a significant influence of anthropogenic activities on pH and P(HONO)(g) of snowmelt.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Snowmelt Leads to Seasonal Nitrous Acid Formation Across Northwestern China

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2022

Geophysical Research Letters

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Photonitration of pyrene adsorbed on silica gel with NO2

Hasegawa

Mabuchi

Kagaya

2023

Asian J. Atmos. Environ

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To examine the heterogeneous photonitration of pyrene with NO2 (approximately 0.2 ppm) on a heavy-traffic road, we studied the photonitration of pyrene adsorbed (pyreneads) on silica gel, which was used as SiO2 in particulate matter (PM), with NO2 (10.2, 2.0, and 0.20 ppm) under the atmospheric concentration ratio of pyreneads to NO2 and compared the results with those obtained in the dark. The effects of irradiation, wavelength, and oxygen concentration in a NO2 diluent on the photonitration were examined using a fluidized-bed column irradiated with simulated or real sunlight. Under the UV-light absorption of pyrene, the concentration of pyrene decreased exponentially in accordance with a pseudo-first-order reaction, while in the dark, it decreased sigmoidally in accordance with a H+-autocatalyzed reaction. The distribution and the yields of formed nitration products and their photooxidation products were affected by the light intensity, concentrations of NO2, and oxygen in the NO2 diluent. In the photonitration experiments using a high-pressure mercury lamp, formed 1-nitropyrene and minor dinitropyrenes were decreased by the transformation into their photooxidation products. Under 8-h exposure of pyrene to 10.2-ppm NO2, the yield of 1-nitropyrene was 42% in N2 and 28% in air. The oxygen inhibitory effect can be explained by the energy transfer from 1pyrene* to oxygen. Radical cation intermediate (pyrene•+-NO2−) was proposed for 1-nitropyrene formation. Under 24-h exposure of pyrene to 2.0-ppm NO2, the yields of 1-nitropyrene and the photooxidation products were 21.6% and 8.0%, respectively, in N2 and 4.9% and 3.8%, respectively, in air. Under 24-h exposure of pyrene to 0.20-ppm NO2, which is two times the 1-h NO2 standard in the USA and China, the yields of 1-nitropyrene and the photooxidation products were 2.3% and 3.4%, respectively, in N2 and 2.1% and 0.9%, respectively, in air. The significant decrease in the yields of 1-nitropyrene and the photooxidation products under the concentration of 0.20-ppm NO2 can be explained by their easy photodecomposition with the increase in the photolysis of pyrene. Under the concentration of 0.20-ppm NO2 in air, which is approximately the concentration on heavy-traffic roads, the decay rate of pyrene by the photonitration was increased by own photolysis, although the photonitration was inhibited by oxygen in air.

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