Photoluminescent rare-earth nanocrystal-based characterization methods: Advancements in photophysical applications

Comprehensive review of advances in the field of chalcogenide glass microresonators

“…19 ChGs are widely used in nonlinear optics to produce amplifiers and lasers and to study stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), especially in the IR regime, due to their high optical nonlinearity. Near-IR and MIR lasing can be realized in RE-doped 20 microresonators via silica, [21][22][23][24] borosilicate, 25 phosphate, 24,[26][27][28] fluoride, 29,30 tellurite, [31][32][33] ZBLAN (ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -LaF 3 -AlF 3 -NaF), 34 and ZBLALiP (ZrF 4 -BaF 2 -LaF 3 -AlF 3 -LiF-PbF 2 ) 35 as host materials. The high RI, excellent IR transparency, high nonlinearity, low phonon energies, and good RE solubility of certain ChG compositions can be put to use for the fabrication of integrated on-chip RE-doped ChG microresonator lasers, which can feature the NIR and MIR lasing action.…”