Photoluminescence sidebands of carbon nanotubes below the bright singlet excitonic levels

Murakami, Yoichi; Lu, Benjamin Y.; Kazaoui, Saïd; Minami, Nobutsugu; Okubo, Tatsuya; Maruyama, Shigeo

doi:10.1103/physrevb.79.195407

Cited by 52 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…symmetry phonons (henceforth referred to as Model #1) [14][15][16][17][18]. However, different models have been proposed by other studies, in which X2 was ascribed to be phonon sidebands of the B-Γ-S exciton coupled with zone-center Γ LO phonons, and X1 assigned to exciton peak of some dark deep excitonic state lying below the bright E 11 exciton (henceforth referred to as Model #2) [13,19].…”

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Survey of exciton-phonon sidebands by magneto-optical spectroscopy using highly specified (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes

Zhou

Sasaki

Nakamura

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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We report the first high-field magneto-optical study on the exciton-phonon sideband of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) consisting only of (6,5) species. Both energy and intensity of the observed phonon sideband were found to be independent of the external magnetic field. Comparing with theoretical calculations, we confirmed that these sidebands originate from the optically forbidden K-momentum singlet excitons. Energy of these K-momentum dark excitons was extracted to be ~ 21.5 meV above the bright Γ-momentum singlet excitons, in close agreement with recent theoretical predictions and experimentally determined values.

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confidence: 99%

Survey of exciton-phonon sidebands by magneto-optical spectroscopy using highly specified (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes

Zhou

Sasaki

Nakamura

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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“…In the case of the D-K-S exciton, phonon sidebands were believed to originate from the D-K-S exciton coupling with the zone-boundary A ′ 1 symmetry phonon [7,[19][20][21][22]. Energy of this D-K-S exciton (E K ) remains constant in magnetic fields within the available field range [13].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Theoretical studies show that each sub-band manifold of SWNTs comprises a total of 16 excitonic states [12,13], among which the D-K-S and B-Γ-S excitons are two most probable candidates for the origin of phonon sidebands [6,7,[19][20][21][22][23]. In the case of the 1st sub-band transitions, there has been intense debate about the origin of the phonon sidebands, and it was confirmed recently that the D-K-S exciton is responsible for the observed phonon sidebands [7,8].…”

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Exciton-phonon bound complex in single-walled carbon nanotubes revealed by high-field magneto-optical spectroscopy

Zhou

Sasaki

Nakamura

et al. 2013

Applied Physics Letters

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High-field magneto-optical spectroscopy was conducted on highly-selected chiral (6,5) specific single-walled carbon nanotubes. Spectra of phonon sidebands in both 1st and 2nd sub-bands were observed to be unchanged by the application of an external magnetic field up to 52 T. Our analyses led to the conclusion that both phonon sidebands in respective sub-band originate from the dark K-momentum singlet (D-K-S) excitons. Moreover, while the relative ordering between the bandedge bright exciton and its zero-momentum anti-bonding counterpart was found to be opposite for the 1st and 2nd sub-bands, the relative ordering between the D-K-S exciton and the band-edge bright exciton was clarified to be the same for both sub-bands. Energy of these D-K-S excitons was estimated to be ∼ 21.5 and ∼ 37.3 meV above the band-edge bright exciton for the 1st and 2nd sub-bands, respectively.

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“…In addition, there are two degenerate finite momentum states (K and K′-momentum excitons) with ∆E ≈ 36 meV for the (6,5) SWNT above the bright one. 23,24 Direct optical excitation of this state is forbidden, but it can be populated via a phonon sideband located at (∼E 11 + 200 meV ≈ E 11 1g + 170 meV). 23,25 Hertel et al found that after resonant E 22 excitation a large fraction of the E 22 excitons decay into this K momentum state.…”

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Mono- and Biexponential Luminescence Decays of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

et al. 2010

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We have studied the exciton recombination dynamics of individual (6,4) and (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes embedded in aqueous gels or deposited on glass surfaces. CoMoCat nanotubes systematically display short monoexponential photoluminescence (PL) decays presumably due to defects introduced during their synthesis. In contrast HiPco nanotubes can either display mono-or biexponential PL decays depending on the environmental conditions. Transition from bi-to monoexponential decays can be reproduced by a simple three level model taking into account defect-dependent nonradiative decay mechanisms.The photoluminescence (PL) properties of semiconducting single walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) have attracted much attention over the last years.1 These properties strongly depend on the structure of each nanotube 2 but also on extrinsic factors resulting for instance from synthesis or environmental factors. 3-7As a result, PL studies performed on ensemble of SWNTs are affected by inhomogeneities that hinder the development of a detailed understanding of the underlying mechanisms. Experiments on individual SWNTs remove part of this heterogeneity by allowing description of the characteristics of each SWNT in its particular environment. 8 Comparisons between values of a physical parameter extracted from different experimental reports are however difficult because, generally, the studied samples differ by synthesis methods or preparation procedures. For example PL decays performed on individual (6,4) and (6,5) nanotubes by different groups have resulted in distinct behaviors, ranging from very short monoexponential decays to longer biexponential ones. 5,7,[9][10][11] This paper aims at understanding this large disparity in PL decay behaviors. We experimentally confirm that PL decays of (6,5) and (6,4) nanotubes can exhibit either mono-or biexponential behaviors and show that these depend on synthesis methods and nanotube environment. These observations are explained by a previous simple three-level model 10 taking now into account the defect-dependent dominant nonradiative decay mechanisms proposed by Pereibenos et al. 12The SWNTs used in this study were either synthesized using HiPco or CoMoCat methods. The nanotubes were dispersed in aqueous suspensions of the anionic surfactants sodium deoxycholate (DOC). For observations, single-molecule wide-field and confocal PL microscopes were used to image SWNTs excited with a continuous wave laser. The SWNTs were immobilized in aqueous agarose gels (5 wt %) or spin-coated on surfaces. SWNTs concentration was kept well below 1 µm -3 such that bright individual nanotubes could be optically resolved. The PL of these bright tubes was sent to a spectrometer for further spectral identifications of individual (6,4) or (6,5) nanotubes. Typically, isolated SWNTs feature narrow PL lines from their bright excitonic state E 11 , with full width at half-maximum (fwhm) in the range of ∼17-22 nm. Following identification of these bright individual nanotubes, the excitation modality was switche...

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Photoluminescence sidebands of carbon nanotubes below the bright singlet excitonic levels

Cited by 52 publications

References 41 publications

Survey of exciton-phonon sidebands by magneto-optical spectroscopy using highly specified (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes

Survey of exciton-phonon sidebands by magneto-optical spectroscopy using highly specified (6,5) single-walled carbon nanotubes

Exciton-phonon bound complex in single-walled carbon nanotubes revealed by high-field magneto-optical spectroscopy

Mono- and Biexponential Luminescence Decays of Individual Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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