Photoluminescence of Gold Nanorods: Purcell Effect Enhanced Emission from Hot Carriers

Cai, Yiyu; Liu, Jun G.; Tauzin, Lawrence J.; Huang, Da; Sung, Eric; Zhang, Hui; Joplin, Anneli; Chang, Wei-Shun; Nordlander, Peter; Link, Stephan

doi:10.1021/acsnano.7b07402

Cited by 126 publications

(215 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(142 reference statements)

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“…The synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs) is of considerable interest owing to their unique optical properties, which can be used for imaging, surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), diagnostics, sensing, and biological applications . Murphy et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The synthesis of gold nanorods (AuNRs)i so fc onsiderable interest owing to their unique optical properties,w hich can be used for imaging, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), [9][10][11][12] diagnostics, [13][14][15] sensing, [16,17] and biologicala pplications. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Murphy et al [25] first reported the seed-mediated chemicals ynthesis of AuNRs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Isolated Monodisperse Gold Nanorods

Khanal

Zubarev

2018

Chemistry A European J

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Although gold nanorods (AuNRs) have strong potential applications in nanotechnology, plasmonics, and sensing, the scale‐up synthesis of isolated AuNRs in gram quantities remains a challenge. Nearly all previously reported methods produce aqueous solutions of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)‐coated AuNRs in milligram quantities with yields of approximately 20–30 % in terms of AuI to Au0 conversion. In addition, it is difficult to remove the CTAB bilayer from the surface of AuNRs and yet make them soluble and functionalized for further processing and chemical modification. This report describes the synthesis of monodisperse functionalized AuNRs (standard deviation, σ≈5 %) in gram quantities. Our approach involved increasing the concentration of HAuCl4⋅3 H2O in the growth solution to produce larger quantities of starting AuNRs and further reducing the remaining AuI ions onto the surface of AuNRs. The slow and controlled addition of ascorbic acid as a reducing agent continued the conversion of AuI into Au0 (through a disproportionation reaction) onto the surface of the nanorods, which maintained their uniform morphology without creating any unwanted impurities of various shapes. In addition, this approach significantly narrowed the size distribution owing to continuous growth of the partially grown AuNRs during the initial stage of the synthesis. To isolate a 1 g quantity of the AuNRs and to make them functionalized for further chemical reactions, a ligand‐exchange approach was utilized, in which the CTAB surfactant was replaced with 4‐mercaptophenol. The thiol group from 4‐mercaptophenol formed a covalent bond with the surface of the AuNRs, leaving free functional OH groups available for further chemical coupling reactions. For the ligand‐exchange process, a concentrated solution of 4‐mercaptophenol in tetrahydrofuran solution was introduced into the AuNRs solution. Pure AuNRs functionalized with 4‐mercaptophenol were isolated by dispersion and rinsing with an excess amount of THF, followed by centrifugation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Isolated Monodisperse Gold Nanorods

Khanal

Zubarev

2018

Chemistry A European J

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“…Surface plasmons enhance photoluminescence in metal nanomaterials [27]. To apply this concept for 2D semiconductors and acquire all light spectral features of H-SiB monolayers including thermal parameters on the light emission, we further compute the polarizability matrix.…”

Section: Light Emissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several experiments can probe this dynamic path directly in metals through time-resolved ultrafast pump probe [24] or indirectly by scanning changes of SP resonances [25]. For following of electro-optic and vibrational modes in molecules, fluorescence is a powerful tool [26], while light emission in metals is weaker than molecules due to strong electron-electron (e-e) interaction and electron-phonon (e-ph) coupling [27]. Barati et al [28] reported efficient electron-hole (e-h) pair generation in the transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) semiconductors at temperatures near T = 300 K, resulting in 350% enhancement in the optoelectronic responsively [28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exciton-plasmon polariton coupling and hot carrier generation in two-dimensional SiB semiconductors: a first-principles study

et al. 2020

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Exciton (strong electron–hole interactions) and hot carriers (HCs) assisted by surface plasmon polaritons show promise to enhance the photoresponse of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic devices. In the current research, we develop a computational quantum framework to study the effect of coupled exciton and HCs on the photovoltaic energy distribution, scattering process, polarizability, and light emission of two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors. Using a stable 2D semiconductor (semihydrogenated SiB) as our example, we theoretically show that external strain and thermal effect on the SiB can lead to valley polarized plasmon quasiparticles and HC generation. Our results reveal that the electron–phonon and electron–electron (e–e) interactions characterize the correlation between the decay rate, scattering of excitons, and generation of HCs in 2D semiconductors. Moreover, phonon assisted luminescence spectra of SiB suggest that light emission can be enhanced by increasing strain and temperature. The polarized plasmon with strong coupling of electronic and photonics states in SiB makes it as a promising candidate for light harvesting, plasmonic photocurrent devices, and quantum information.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] This tunability of GNRs can be further enriched by collective plasmon coupling through the formation of periodic arrays of GNRs, [6,7] and thus provides potential applications such as sensors, [8][9][10][11][12][13] broadband absorbers, [14] plasmonic catalysts, [15] and other plasmonic devices. [1][2][3][4][5] This tunability of GNRs can be further enriched by collective plasmon coupling through the formation of periodic arrays of GNRs, [6,7] and thus provides potential applications such as sensors, [8][9][10][11][12][13] broadband absorbers, [14] plasmonic catalysts, [15] and other plasmonic devices.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individually Silica‐Embedded Gold Nanorod Superlattice for High Thermal and Solvent Stability and Recyclable SERS Application

Lim

Lee

Kang

et al. 2019

Adv Materials Inter

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Surface coating with inorganic materials such as SiO 2 , [31][32][33] TiO 2 , [34][35][36] or yttria-stabilized zirconia [37] has been commonly used to achieve thermal stability of various individual nanoparticles including GNRs [38][39][40] or nanoporous gold. [41] Encapsulation of individual GNRs with silica, forming core-shell structure, makes GNRs stable up to 700 and 800 °C [39] while surfactant or polymer-coated GNRs become degraded at temperature as low as 100 °C. [29,42] This encapsulation approach, however, has not been successfully applied for GNR superlattices yet. Recently, an impregnation method has been used to protect the GNR superlattices with porous silica, in which a preformed GNR superlattice on substrate was immersed in a silica precursor solution. [43] While the GNR superlattice made by the impregnation method was quite stable in water, it became significantly degraded at 150 °C because silica layer was formed over the superlattice and between the individual lamellae of GNRs inside the structure without covering the individual GNRs. [43] To achieve the stability of GNR superlattice at high temperature, therefore, a new method to protect individual GNRs in the superlattice should be developed.In this study, we developed a new method to fabricate 2D hexagonal GNR superlattices on substrate in which each GNR is individually encapsulated with silica, providing an excellent stability at high temperature and in solvents of different polarities. In this method, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer-covered GNRs dispersed in silica precursor solution at a highly acidic condition are self-assembled into the 2D monolayer superlattice upon drop casting on substrate, during which the condensation of silica precursors adsorbed on the CTAB bilayer and the slow solvent evaporation occur simultaneously. The GNR superlattices embedded in the silica matrix are stable at temperature as high as 500 °C and in various solvents of different polarity, well maintaining the cylindrical shape of GNRs and their hexagonal packing. The structural stability makes the GNR superlattice embedded in the silica matrix a highly reusable surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) active substrate for molecular detection, as evidenced by the signal intensities well maintained over 10 cycles. To the best of our knowledge, this is the GNR superlattice with the highest thermal and solvent stability reported so far.A facile method to fabricate 2D hexagonal monolayer superlattices of gold nanorods (GNRs) individually embedded in silica matrix on a substrate is developed. In this method, the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) bilayer-coated GNRs are self-assembled into a hexagonally packed monolayer superlattice on the substrate by slow evaporation in the presence of silica precursors in the solution at a highly acidic condition. The GNR superlattices fabricated by this method show excellent structural stability at high temperature as high as 500 °C and in solvents of a wide range of polarities including water, ethanol, toluene...

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Photoluminescence of Gold Nanorods: Purcell Effect Enhanced Emission from Hot Carriers

Cited by 126 publications

References 68 publications

Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Isolated Monodisperse Gold Nanorods

Gram‐Scale Synthesis of Isolated Monodisperse Gold Nanorods

Exciton-plasmon polariton coupling and hot carrier generation in two-dimensional SiB semiconductors: a first-principles study

Individually Silica‐Embedded Gold Nanorod Superlattice for High Thermal and Solvent Stability and Recyclable SERS Application

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