Photolon™, a chlorin e6 derivative, triggers ROS production and light-dependent cell death via necrosis

Copley, Louise; Watt, Pauline J. van der; Wirtz, K.W.A.; Parker, M. Iqbal; Leaner, Virna D.

doi:10.1016/j.biocel.2007.07.014

Cited by 41 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…As it was created by joining Ce6 and PVP, Photolon features better stability and solubility in water and, therefore, also better bioavailability than Ce6 alone [18]. Comparisons of the Ce6-PVP complex with pure Ce6 also demonstrated a higher ability of the compound to accumulate in neoplastic tissue and faster removal time from the body [18].…”

Section: Original Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Proapoptotic BAX and TP53 Genes and Antiapoptotic BCL-2 Gene in MCF-7 and T-47D Tumour Cell Cultures of the Mammary Gland After a Photodynamic Therapy with Photolon

Płonka¹,

Latocha²,

Kuśmierz³

et al. 2015

Adv Clin Exp Med

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Background. Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumour in women in the whole world. Despite significant developments in the early diagnosis of breast cancer, there is no effective method which would assure total recovery of the patient. Currently available clinical data and laboratory tests indicate a possibility to introduce photodynamic therapy (PDT) to the supplementary treatment of breast cancer. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of PDT with Photolon as a photosensibilizator on the expression of apoptosis associated genes (BCL-2, BAX, TP53) in human breast cancer cell lines, preceded by assessment of survivorship and proliferative activity in the tested cells after PDT. Material and Methods. In the present study human breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and T-47D were used. Photolon (chlorin e6 complex: PVP 1:1) was used as a photosensitizer. Assessments of survivorship and proliferative activity of cells under the influence of PDT (WST-1 test) were conducted along with the expression of selected genes involved in the process of apoptosis: BCL-2, BAX, TP53 (RT-QPCR). Results. PDT limited both survivorship and proliferative activity of breast cancer cells in the two tested lines. In case of T-47D cell line was found increase of BAX and BCL-2 genes expression after PDT and sustained activity of TP53 gene. Conversely, in MCF-7 cell line a decrease in expression was found for both BAX and TP53 genes, but also an increase of BCL-2 gene expression. Conclusions. A progressing decrease (24, 48 and 72 h after PDT) in the count of culture cells, which suggests the occurrence of apoptosis initiated by a photodynamic reaction with simultaneous increase of BCL-2/BAX index, indicates activation of a different endogenous apoptosis pathway than the one examined, namely pointing to sui-

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Section: Original Papersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of Proapoptotic BAX and TP53 Genes and Antiapoptotic BCL-2 Gene in MCF-7 and T-47D Tumour Cell Cultures of the Mammary Gland After a Photodynamic Therapy with Photolon

Płonka¹,

Latocha²,

Kuśmierz³

et al. 2015

Adv Clin Exp Med

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“…For this reason, there has been an increased interest in developing PDT for local infections treatment. Different types of PS have been proposed in laboratory investigations, including porphyrins [14,15], phenothiazine dyes [16,17], chlorins [18,19], and phthalocyanines [20]. However, complete killing of the microorganisms is not frequently achieved and some of the available PS showed limited effectiveness against Candida biofilms and animal models of candidiasis [15,21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida to photodynamic effects of curcumin

et al. 2011

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Background and ObjectiveThe resistance of Candida species to antifungals represents a major challenge for therapeutic and prophylactic strategies. This study evaluated photodynamic therapy (PDT) mediated by Curcumin (CUR) against clinical isolates of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata, both in planktonic and biofilm forms.Study Design/Materials and MethodsSuspensions of Candida were treated with three CUR concentrations and exposed to four LED fluences. The protocol that showed the best outcomes for inactivation of the planktonic phase was selected to be evaluated against Candida biofilms. In addition, two higher CUR concentrations were tested. The metabolic activity of biofilms was evaluated by means of XTT reduction assay and the biofilm biomass was evaluated using crystal violet (CV) staining assay. Data were analyzed in a mixed model nested ANOVA, Wilcoxon's nonparametric tests, and the Kruskal–Wallis test (α = 5%).ResultsThe use of CUR in association with light was able to promote a significant antifungal effect against the planktonic form of the yeasts. When using 40 µM of CUR, the metabolic activity of C. albicans, C. glabrata, and C. tropicalis biofilms was reduced by 85%, 85%, and 73%, respectively, at 18 J/cm2. CUR‐mediated PDT also decreased the biofilm biomass of all species evaluated. In addition, CV staining showed that C. albicans isolates were strong biofilm‐forming strains, when compared with C. glabrata and C. tropicalis isolates.ConclusionThe results from the present investigation showed that low CUR concentrations can be highly effective for inactivating Candida isolates when associated with light excitation. Lasers Surg. Med. 43:927‐934, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated PDT induces ThP-1 macrophage apoptosis [25][26][27] have demonstrated that PDT induces both apoptosis and necrosis depending on the drug concentrations as well as the laser irradiation time and intensity. In this study, we evaluated the type of cell death that occurred following UCNPs-Ce6-mediated PDT using three different methods.…”

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confidence: 99%

Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy induces THP-1 macrophage apoptosis via ROS bursts and activation of the mitochondrial caspase pathway

Zhu¹,

Wang²,

Zheng³

et al. 2015

IJN

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Atherosclerosis (AS) is the most vital cardiovascular disease, which poses a great threat to human health. Macrophages play an important role in the progression of AS. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a useful therapeutic modality not only in the treatment of cancer but also in the treatment of AS. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying the activity of PDT, using mesoporous-silica-coated upconversion fluorescent nanoparticles encapsulating chlorin e6 (UCNPs-Ce6) in the induction of apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages. Here, we investigated the ability of UCNPs-Ce6-mediated PDT to induce THP-1 macrophage apoptosis by facilitating the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulation of mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPTP) to depolarize mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Both Bax translocation and the release of cytochrome C were examined using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Our results indicated that the levels of ROS were significantly increased in the PDT group, resulting in both MPTP opening and MMP depolarization, which led to apoptosis. In addition, immunofluorescence and Western blotting revealed that PDT induced both Bax translocation and the release of cytochrome C, as well as upregulation of cleaved caspase-9, cleaved caspase-3, and cleaved poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase. Therefore, we demonstrated that UCNPs-Ce6-mediated PDT induces apoptosis in THP-1 macrophages via ROS bursts. The proapoptotic factor Bax subsequently translocates from the cytosol to the mitochondria, resulting in the MPTP opening and cytochrome C release. This study demonstrated the great potential of UCNPs-Ce6-mediated PDT in the treatment of AS.

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Photolon™, a chlorin e6 derivative, triggers ROS production and light-dependent cell death via necrosis

Cited by 41 publications

References 22 publications

Expression of Proapoptotic BAX and TP53 Genes and Antiapoptotic BCL-2 Gene in MCF-7 and T-47D Tumour Cell Cultures of the Mammary Gland After a Photodynamic Therapy with Photolon

Expression of Proapoptotic BAX and TP53 Genes and Antiapoptotic BCL-2 Gene in MCF-7 and T-47D Tumour Cell Cultures of the Mammary Gland After a Photodynamic Therapy with Photolon

Susceptibility of clinical isolates of Candida to photodynamic effects of curcumin

Upconversion nanoparticle-mediated photodynamic therapy induces THP-1 macrophage apoptosis via ROS bursts and activation of the mitochondrial caspase pathway

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