Photolithographically patterned and highly stable electrochromic displays enabled by a photo-assisted cross-linker

Huang, Chenchao; Yi, Yuan-Qiu-Qiang; Hu, Zishou; Zhang, Shuo; Wu, Xinzhou; Chen, Xiaolian; Xu, Wenya; Su, Wenming; Cui, Zheng

doi:10.1039/d3tc03088a

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The synthesis of X9 was similar to our previously reported X8, and the details are shown in the Supporting Information. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were used to characterize the thermal properties of the two cross-linkers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Despite these advances, the direct patterning of the polymeric HTL in QLEDs has yet to be shown. Carbene cross-linkers are of great interest due to their high activity and wide applications in optoelectronic devices. − Previously, we reported that a series of bis-diazo compounds (X1–X5) can effectively cross-link with polymeric poly[(9,9-dioctylfluorenyl-2,7-diyl)-alt(4,4′( N -(4-butylphenyl)))] (TFB) by a photothermal synergistic curing process. , However, these bidentate cross-linkers need high doping ratios to guarantee nearly full solvent resistance of the resulted HTL, requiring large doses of UV irradiation and thus without affording patternability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nondestructive Direct Patterning of Both Hole Transport and Emissive Layers for Pixelated Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

Yi,

Su,

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

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Considering the increasing demand for highresolution light-emitting diodes (LEDs), it is important that direct fine patterning technologies for LEDs be developed, especially for quantum-dot LEDs (QLEDs). Traditionally, the patterning of QLEDs relies on resin-based photolithography techniques, requiring multiple steps and causing performance deterioration. Nondestructive direct patterning may provide an easy and stepwise method to achieve fine-pixelated units in QLEDs. In this study, two isomeric tridentate cross-linkers (X8/ X9) are presented and can be blended into the hole transport layer (HTL) and the emissive layer (EML) of QLEDs. Because of their photosensitivity, the in situ cross-linking process can be efficiently triggered by ultraviolet irradiation, affording high solvent resistance and nondestructive direct patterning of the layers. Red QLEDs using the cross-linked HTL demonstrate an impressive external quantum efficiency of up to 22.45%. Through lithographic patterning enabled by X9, line patterns of HTL and EML films exhibit widths as narrow as 2 and 4 μm, respectively. Leveraging the patterned HTL and EML, we show the successful fabrication of pixelated QLED devices with an area size of 3 × 3 mm 2 , alongside the successful production of dualcolor pixelated QLED devices. These findings showcase the promising potential of direct patterning facilitated by engineered cross-linkers for the cost-effective fabrication of pixelated QLED displays.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nondestructive Direct Patterning of Both Hole Transport and Emissive Layers for Pixelated Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

Yi,

Su,

et al. 2024

ACS Nano

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Electrochromic materials, capable of adjusting their optical properties in visible and infrared spectrum with an ultralow external potential, find diverse applications such as smart windows, − nonemissive displays, − and adaptive camouflage. − Conducting polymers, recognized for their advantageous features including facile color tuning through structural control, , high optical contrast, , swift switching response, good stability, and high color efficiency, have become focal points in the electrochromic field. The adoption of the direct arylation polymerization (DArP) method has simplified polymer synthesis, facilitating the kilogram-scale production of high-performance electrochromic conducting polymers (ECPs) and enhancing their industrial applicability .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“Dark-to-Warm” Smart Windows Enabled by Black-to-Black Electrochromic Copolymers with Minimal Visible and Remarkable NIR Modulation

Yuan,

Kuang,

Yin

et al. 2024

Macromolecules

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Conducting polymers, despite their promising electrochromic properties, face limitations in smart windows due to their inverse modulation in visible and near-infrared (NIR) regions. In this study, we introduce novel "black-to-black" electrochromic copolymers, synthesized through direct arylation polymerization (DArP) of tris(thienothiophene) (TTT), 3,4dialkylthiophene (DKTh), and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (Tz) monomers. These copolymers demonstrate minimal visible impact (<5%) and broad NIR modulation (>60%). The resulting electrochromic devices seamlessly transition between "Warm" mode (low visible and high NIR transmittance) and "Dark" mode (low visible and NIR transmittance), showcasing high switching stability, open-circuit memory, and coloration efficiency. The synthesized copolymers and devices surpass conventional "color-to-transmissive" conducting polymers, exhibiting significant solar heat gain coefficient (SHGC) modulation and high optical contrast. This discovery prompts further exploration of dual-band electrochromic materials, particularly those featuring a "Warm" mode based on conducting polymers.

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Electrochromic Reflective Displays Based on In Situ Photo‐Crosslinked PEDOT:PSS Patterns

Yang,

Fan,

Zhang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Electrochromic (EC) technology is regarded as one of the most promising candidates for next‐generation reflective displays, owing to its advantages of outstanding color adjustability, low energy consumption, vivid color, and flexibility, etc. However, current EC reflective displays are seriously restricted by the complicated and expensive patterned methods. Herein, a facile and low‐cost route is developed to achieve the EC reflective displays, which is fabricated based on the combination of an easily‐obtained EC material of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) and an efficient photo‐crosslinked additive (2,4‐hexadiyne‐1,6‐diol, HDDO). The micrometer‐scale patterns (<50 µm) can be achieved by the in situ photo‐crosslinked process. As‐prepared EC devices show great performances containing fast response (<0.5 s), good reversibility (>10 000 cycles) and high coloration efficiency (274.75 cm2 C−1). More importantly, the applications in the EC logo, QR code, and price tag are demonstrated successfully. Overall, the current exploration suggests an efficient, low‐cost, and facile method to produce patterned EC devices with high performance, which can undoubtedly promote the further development and application of EC reflective displays.

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Photolithographically patterned and highly stable electrochromic displays enabled by a photo-assisted cross-linker

Abstract: Photolithography is a standard technique for high resolution patterning of electronic devices. This study presents a new tris-diazo compound (X8) as a carbene crosslinker which responds to UV photons and...

Cited by 4 publications

References 36 publications

Nondestructive Direct Patterning of Both Hole Transport and Emissive Layers for Pixelated Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

Nondestructive Direct Patterning of Both Hole Transport and Emissive Layers for Pixelated Quantum-Dot Light-Emitting Diodes

“Dark-to-Warm” Smart Windows Enabled by Black-to-Black Electrochromic Copolymers with Minimal Visible and Remarkable NIR Modulation

Electrochromic Reflective Displays Based on In Situ Photo‐Crosslinked PEDOT:PSS Patterns

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