Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization Reactions

Fouassier, Jean Pierre; Allonas, Xavier; Lalevée, Jacques; Dietlin, Céline

doi:10.1002/9780470594179.ch10

Cited by 46 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 275 publications

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“…In organic chemistry, the development of new methods for organic synthesis was achieved by use of photolabile protective groups, which could be released under irradiation by light [10–11]. Since many decades in industry, PRG are used in photopolymerization, a field in which the PRG prompt the initiation of the polymerization through a chain reaction [12]. Photopolymerization was first used over 4000 years ago in the mummification process [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidoreductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior

Ley¹,

Christmann²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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SummaryThe combination of a dye which absorbs the photon, an electron acceptor and an electron donor leading to energy conversion through electron transfer, was the basis of the so called three-component systems. In this paper, an experimental work combining Rose bengal dye with a triazine derivative as electron acceptor and ethyl 4-(dimethylamino)benzoate as electron donor, will underline the benefit of the photocyclic behavior of three-component systems leading to the dye regeneration. A thermodynamic approach of the photocycle is presented, followed by a mechanistic and computational study of ideal photocycles, in order to outline the specific kinetics occuring in so called photocatalytic systems. The simple kinetic model used is enough to outline the benefit of the cyclic system and to give the basic requirements in term of chemical combination needed to be fulfilled in order to obtain a photocatalytic behavior.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidoreductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior

Ley¹,

Christmann²,

Ibrahim³

et al. 2014

Beilstein J. Org. Chem.

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“…Additionally, a transfer of a growth active site from active chain to a previously inactive one might occur (Polymer Properties Database, 2018). To illustrate, the photoinitiator (PI) generates free radicals (PI → PI*(hv) → 2R•), which are then transferred to active groups on the monomer (M•) chains (R• + M → RM•) to form a crosslinked phase in repeated addition (RM•) n → polymer) (Fouassier et al, 2010). For enhanced clinical outcomes, resins should possess a high curing rate, good storage stability, low viscosity, low toxicity, and display adequate mechanical properties after polymerization (Li et al, 2016).…”

Section: Basic Chemistry Of Phopolymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomedical photopolymers in 3D printing

Alifui‐Segbaya

2019

RPJ

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Purpose Three-dimensional printing of acrylic-based medical devices is projected to grow exponentially despite the limitations of photopolymerization and the lack of information on the clinical performance of the materials. The purpose of this paper is to address an issue of critical importance in the translation of the three-dimensionally printed structures to the clinic, which is assessing the toxicity of the polymers and their precursors. Design/methodology/approach This review highlights the different manufacturing processes, challenges and novel experimental work including the zebrafish embryo model, which offers a potential method for toxicity profiling of biomedical photopolymers and their precursors due to its high genetic similarity to humans. Findings Materials information and experimental data available so far suggest that there is a need for regular and rigorous evaluation of new materials to establish their safety and protect users engaging in biomedically-related printing activities. Originality/value The review identifies stringent, contemporary and cost-effective analytical methods for assessing the safety of biomedical photopolymers and their precursors.

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“…Reactive diluent facilitates easy processing of the coating by lowering the viscosity of the formulation. [1][2][3][4][5] There are several reactive diluents based on urethane, acrylate, and epoxy reported in the literature, such as 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-2-(methacryloyloxy)ethylcarbamate, 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl-3-(methacryloyloxy) propylcarbamate, 1-(methacryloyloxy)propan-2-yl-3-(methacryloyloxy)propylcarbamate, trimethylolpropane triacrylate, tripropylene glycol diacrylate, 6-8 para-substituted 2-ally1 phenyl acrylates, and diallyl, dipropenyl, and dipropyl bisphenol-A diiacrylates. 9 These reactive diluents are based on petroleum resources, which will have serious limitations of availability in the near future as being a nonrenewable resource.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biobased reactive diluent for UV-curable urethane acrylate oligomers for wood coating

Tathe

Jagtap

2014

J Coat Technol Res

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Castor oil (CO)-based reactive diluent for UV-curable urethane acrylate oligomers was synthesized by the reaction of a CO with diethanolamine and the resultant product was subsequently reacted with allyl chloroformate. The reactive diluent was characterized by FTIR and 1 H NMR techniques. This reactive diluent was incorporated in a urethane acrylate oligomer and photoinitiator at different weight fractions varying from 5 to 25 wt% for UV curing. The effects of reactive diluent concentrations on the viscosity of the formulations along with mechanical, chemical, and optical properties of UV-curable coatings were studied. Furthermore, the cured films were evaluated for glass transition temperature (T g ) determined by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal stability by thermogravimetric analysis. Gel content and water absorption of UV-cured films were evaluated.

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Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization Reactions

Cited by 46 publications

References 275 publications

Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidoreductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior

Tailoring of organic dyes with oxidoreductive compounds to obtain photocyclic radical generator systems exhibiting photocatalytic behavior

Biomedical photopolymers in 3D printing

Biobased reactive diluent for UV-curable urethane acrylate oligomers for wood coating

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