Photoinhibition of Stem Elongation by Blue and Red Light

Kigel, Jaime; Cosgrove, Daniel J.

doi:10.1104/pp.95.4.1049

Cited by 75 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Growth of dark-adapted cucumber hypocotyls (Cosgrove, 1981) and red-light-grown (Laskoswki and Briggs, 1989) and dark-adapted (Kigel and Cosgrove, 1991) pea internodes was rapidly inhibited after the onset of continuous blue light, but remained fully inhibited over a period of stimulation that exceeds the transient phase of the protoplast shrinking response identified in our studies. In fact, the transient phase of growth inhibition has so far been found only with maize coleoptiles.…”

Section: Protoplast Shrinking Response and Its Relationship To Growthmentioning

confidence: 73%

Interaction of Cryptochrome 1, Phytochrome, and Ion Fluxes in Blue-Light-Induced Shrinking of Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Protoplasts1

Wang

Iino

1998

Plant Physiology

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Protoplasts isolated from red-light-adapted Arabidopsis hypocotyls and incubated under red light exhibited rapid and transient shrinking within a period of 20 min in response to a blue-light pulse and following the onset of continuous blue light. Long-persisting shrinkage was also observed during continuous stimulation. Protoplasts from a hy4 mutant and the phytochrome-deficient phyA/phyB double mutant of Arabidopsis showed little response, whereas those from phyA and phyB mutants showed a partial response. It is concluded that the shrinking response itself is mediated by the HY4 gene product, cryptochrome 1, whereas the blue-light responsiveness is strictly controlled by phytochromes A and B, with a greater contribution by phytochrome B. It is shown further that the far-redabsorbing form of phytochrome (Pfr) was not required during or after, but was required before blue-light perception. Furthermore, a component that directly determines the blue-light responsiveness was generated by Pfr after a lag of 15 min over a 15-min period and decayed with similar kinetics after removal of Pfr by far-red light. The anion-channel blocker 5-nitro-2-(3-phenylpropylamino)-benzoic acid prevented the shrinking response. This result, together with those in the literature and the kinetic features of shrinking, suggests that anion channels are activated first, and outward-rectifying cation channels are subsequently activated, resulting in continued net effluxes of Cl ؊ and K ؉ . The postshrinking volume recovery is achieved by K ؉ and Cl ؊ influxes, with contribution by the proton motive force. External Ca 2؉ has no role in shrinking and the recovery. The gradual swelling of protoplasts that prevails under background red light is shown to be a phytochrome-mediated response in which phytochrome A contributes more than phytochrome B.

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Section: Protoplast Shrinking Response and Its Relationship To Growthmentioning

confidence: 73%

Interaction of Cryptochrome 1, Phytochrome, and Ion Fluxes in Blue-Light-Induced Shrinking of Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Protoplasts1

Wang

Iino

1998

Plant Physiology

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“…It is unclear how GL may activate phytochrome to respond in a manner completely at opposition to its well-documented effects on growth inhibition (Mandoli and Briggs, 1981;Gaba et al, 1984;Kigel and Cosgrove, 1991). The definitive evidence that GL-induced growth promotion is not a phytochrome response is presented in Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Excitation of phytochromes by GL with even extremely dim red light results in a decrease in stem elongation rate (Mandoli and Briggs, 1981;Gaba et al, 1991;Kigel and Cosgrove, 1991). Examination of the action spectra for stem growth elongation in Arabidopsis indicates that GL (525 nm) treatment leads to a slightly longer hypocotyl (Goto et al, 1993) that is unaffected by the hy2 mutation.…”

Section: Genetic Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Green Light Stimulates Early Stem Elongation, Antagonizing Light-Mediated Growth Inhibition

2004

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During the transition from darkness to light, the rate of hypocotyl elongation is determined from the integration of light signals sensed through the phototropin, cryptochrome, and phytochrome signaling pathways. In all light conditions studied, from UV to far-red, early hypocotyl growth is rapidly and robustly suppressed within minutes of illumination in a manner dependent upon light quality and quantity. In this study, it is shown that green light (GL) irradiation leads to a rapid increase in the growth rate of etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings. GL-mediated growth promotion was detected in response to constant irradiation or a short, single pulse of light with a similar time course. The response has a threshold between 10−1 and 100 μmol m−2, is saturated before 102 μmol m−2 and obeys reciprocity. Genetic analyses indicate that the cryptochrome or phototropin photoreceptors do not participate in the response. The major phytochrome receptors influence the normal amplitude and timing of the GL response, yet the GL response is normal in seedlings grown for hours under constant dim-red light. Therefore, phytochrome activation enhances, but is not required for, the GL response. Seedlings grown under green, red, and blue light together are longer than those grown under red and blue alone. These data indicate that a novel GL-activated light sensor promotes early stem elongation that antagonizes growth inhibition.

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“…Similarly, an oilseed rape mutant that overproduces gibberellins is missing a phytochrome (Rood et al, 1990;Devlin et al, 1992). Farther down the pathway, changes in cell wall properties probably account for the increased cell elongation in hypocotyls, root hairs, and other tissues (Taiz, 1984;Casal et al, 1990;Kigel and Cosgrove, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutations in the gene for the red/far-red light receptor phytochrome B alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development.

et al. 1993

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Phytochromes are a family of plant photoreceptors that mediate physiological and developmental responses to changes in red and far-red light conditions. In Arabidopsis, there are genes for at least five phytochrome proteins. These photoreceptors control such responses as germination, stem elongation, flowering, gene expression, and chloroplast and leaf development. However, it is not known which red light responses are controlled by which phytochrome species, or whether the different phytochromes have overlapping functions. We report here that previously described hy3 mutants have mutations in the gene coding for phytochrome B (PhyB). These are the first mutations shown to lie in a plant photoreceptor gene. A number of tissues are abnormally elongated in the hyd(phyt3) mutants, including hypocotyls, stems, petioles, and root hairs. In addition, the mutants flower earlier than the wild type, and they accumulate less chlorophyll.PhyB thus controls Arabidopsis development at numerous stages and in multiple tissues.

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Photoinhibition of Stem Elongation by Blue and Red Light

Cited by 75 publications

References 25 publications

Interaction of Cryptochrome 1, Phytochrome, and Ion Fluxes in Blue-Light-Induced Shrinking of Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Protoplasts1

Interaction of Cryptochrome 1, Phytochrome, and Ion Fluxes in Blue-Light-Induced Shrinking of Arabidopsis Hypocotyl Protoplasts1

Green Light Stimulates Early Stem Elongation, Antagonizing Light-Mediated Growth Inhibition

Mutations in the gene for the red/far-red light receptor phytochrome B alter cell elongation and physiological responses throughout Arabidopsis development.

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