Photoinduced homogeneous RuO2 nanoparticles on TiO2 nanowire arrays: A high-performance cathode toward flexible Li–CO2 batteries

Single‐Atom Ru Implanted on Co3O4 Nanosheets as Efficient Dual‐Catalyst for Li‐CO2 Batteries

“…According to previous reports, this may be caused by different growth pathway of the discharge products on different cathodes, while the growth pathway and morphology of the discharge products have a great impact on the performance of the Li‐CO 2 batteries. [ 10 , 41 ] This phenomenon will be discussed in detail in the following sections by conjunction with the results of DFT calculations. After charging, there are still a small amount of small granular discharge products remaining on the surface of the CC cathode, while the discharge products on the Co 3 O 4 /CC and SA Ru‐Co 3 O 4 /CC cathodes are both decomposed (Figure 4d – f ).…”

“…Li-CO 2 battery with SA Ru-Co 3 O 4 /CC cathode can maintain comparable cycle stability even under deep charge/discharge cycles as shown in Figure S21 (Supporting Information). To further highlight the advantages of SA Ru-Co 3 O 4 /CC cathode catalyst, the performances of SA Ru-Co 3 O 4 /CC cathode catalyst were compared with some previously reported Li-CO 2 battery cathode catalysts, [32,33,[41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48] as shown in Figure 3g and Table S2 (Supporting Information). Although the overpotential of Li-CO 2 batteries based on SA Ru-Co 3 O 4 /CC cathodes is not shocking enough, but its properties are still better than that of most reported Ru-based catalysts and SASCs in Li-CO 2 batteries system.…”

“…[ 49 , 50 , 51 ] In our previous report, the different growth pathway of discharge products in Li‐CO 2 batteries was initially explained by calculating the adsorption energy of different active sites for discharge product Li 2 CO 3 . [ 41 ] Specifically, because the Li 2 CO 3 has certain solubility, during its growth period, if the binding energy of Li 2 CO 3 to the active sites is weaker; it will preferentially nucleate and grow in the electrolyte, and then accumulation on the cathode according to the solvation‐mediated growth pathway. On the contrary, when the binding energy of Li 2 CO 3 to active sites is stronger, it is more inclined to form a layer of Li 2 CO 3 on the cathode surface through the surface‐adsorption growth pathway.…”

Irradiance-Controlled Photoassisted Synthesis of Sub-Nanometre Sized Ruthenium Nanoparticles as Co-Catalyst for TiO2 in Photocatalytic Reactions

“…Although the oxidative photoassisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles is scarcer, the cases of PbO 2 and RuO 2 can be mentioned [5]. Ruthenium is actually a promising metal to be used as a (co)catalyst in both metallic and oxidized states not only in photocatalytic reduction and oxidation reactions, respectively [6,7], but also in other catalytic reactions such as those taking place in the conversion of biomass into fuels and value-added chemicals [8] or in electrochemical devices such as batteries [9], supercapacitors [10], electrolyzers [11] or fuel cells [12]. The photoassisted synthesis of ruthenium nanoparticles on semiconductor surfaces, however, has been considerably less studied than for other metals.…”

Photoelectrochemical performance of tubewall‐separated titanium dioxide nanotube array photoelectrode

“…Well‐defined nanoarray structure with large specific surface area, strong interfacial adsorption, and efficient electron transport capability contributes to the superior photoelectrochemical performance 11–13 . Highly ordered TiO 2 nanorod array 14,15 , nanowire array 16,17 , nanopore array 18,19 , and nanotube array (NTA) 20,21 have been investigated due to high surface area for photochemical and electrochemical applications 22,23 . Attractive TiO 2 NTA conducts the photoinduced electron–hole generation, separation, and feasible electron transfer which can be well applied for photocatalysis and electrochemical energy storage 24,25 .…”