Photoinduced degradation from trace 1,8-diiodooctane in organic photovoltaics

Jacobs, Ian E.; Wang, Faustine; Valdez, Zaira I. Bedolla; Oviedo, Alejandra N. Ayala; Bilsky, David J.; Moulé, Adam J.

doi:10.1039/c7tc04358a

Cited by 37 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…154 Even under illumination in inert conditions, residual DIO leads to the crosslinking of a range of OSC materials. 155 Several techniques to address these challenges have been reported including the use of lower boiling point solvent additives 153 and the attempted removal of residual solvent additives by thermal, 154,155 vacuum 152,155 and solvent washing treatments, 152,156 although the effectiveness and scalability of these methods varies. Promisingly, the necessity of using solvent additives to reach high photovoltaic performances can be effectively negated by the selection of an appropriate host solvent, thereby side-stepping the adverse effects of these solvent additives on device stability.…”

Section: Solvents and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fullerene acceptors to non-fullerene acceptors: prospects and challenges in the stability of organic solar cells

et al. 2019

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Section: Solvents and Processingmentioning

confidence: 99%

From fullerene acceptors to non-fullerene acceptors: prospects and challenges in the stability of organic solar cells

et al. 2019

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“…Despite the differences in crystallization, note that residual additive will swell the film over an extended timescale in both small molecule and polymer films, so care must be made to ensure dry films to avoid the negative impacts of residual DIO [71,72] (which likely apply to DIH as well). In the polymer films, very long crystallization times are the norm, reaching well into hour long timescales for DIO, while they are slightly more rapid in DIH but still extend well beyond the end of spin-coating.…”

Section: Guidelines For Solvent/additive Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin‐Cast Small‐Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials

Manley

Strzalka

Fauvell

et al. 2018

Advanced Energy Materials

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indicate the realistic possibility of new soft matter technologies. Note that these highperformance laboratory devices are often produced via spin-coating, a reliable fabrication process that enables rapid prototyping and basic research. However, the transition to high throughput film fabrication processes such as blade-coating, roll-to-roll printing, and others will require understanding of film morphology-forming mechanisms operative in spin-coating processes that optimize organic device performance. [13] Traditionally, optimizing device performance relied on empirical screening of spin-casting para meters such as solvent, processing additive, and spin speed, followed by postprocessing analysis of which morphologies are produced by which coating conditions. [14][15][16] For OSC film morphology, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS) is especially powerful for monitoring crystallinity, orientation, donor-acceptor intermixing, [14][15][16][17][18] and developing an ex post facto understanding basis for otherwise completely empirical "recipes." While informative, postdeposition analysis can miss important temporal characteristics of film growth processes which can only be identified by in situ techniques. In situ film growth studies utilizing GIWAXS and other techniques during film deposition and drying have been employed by several groups, including our own, to understand crystalline morphology development in organic electronic thin films. [19,20] Characterizing morphology during the film formation process can elucidate important mechanistic pathways and inform rational solution processing parameter optimization.Several recent studies have reported in situ optical and X-ray analyses of organic film growth by roll-to-roll printing, [21] blade To elucidate the details of film morphology/order evolution during spin-coating, solvent and additive effects are systematically investigated for three representative organic solar cell (OSC) active layer materials using combined in situ grazing incidence wide angle x-ray scattering (GIWAXS) and optical reflectance. Two archetypical semiconducting donor (p-type) polymers, P3HT and PTB7, and semiconducting donor small-molecule, p-DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 are studied using three neat solvents (chloroform, chlorobenzene, 1,2-dichlorobenzene) and four processing additives (1-chloronaphthalene, diphenyl ether, 1,8-diiodooctane, and 1,6-diiodohexane). In situ GIWAXS identifies several trends: 1) for neat solvents, rapid crystallization occurs that risks kinetically locking the material into multiple crystal structures or crystalline orientations; and 2) for solvent + additive processed films, morphology evolution involves sequential transformations on timescales ranging from seconds to hours, with key divergences dependent on additive/ semiconductor molecular interactions. When π-planes dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, both polymers and small molecule films follow similar evolutions, completing in 1-5 min. When side chains dominate the additive/semiconductor...

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“…Since the first report on PSCs in 1986, various studies have been conducted to improve their performance [4]. Significant efforts have been made to improve the power conversion efficiency (PCE) through unconventional donor–acceptor materials [5,6,7,8], advanced device architectures such as inverted structures of PSCs [9], new additives and dopant materials [10,11,12], optimized interfaces [13], etc. In particular, inverted structures of PSCs have been studied because of their superior device stability for high PCE [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of PVP-Capped ZnO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Charge Transport on the Performance of P3HT/PCBM Polymer Solar Cells

et al. 2019

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We attempted surface modification in ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by the sol–gel process with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) applied to bulk-heterojunction polymer solar cells (PSCs) as an electron transport layer (ETL). In general, ZnO NPs have trap sites due to oxygen vacancies which capture electrons and degrade the performance of the PSCs. Devices with six different PVP:Zn ratios (0.615 g, 1.230 g, 1.846 g, 2.460 g, 3.075 g, and 3.690 g) were fabricated for surface modification, and the optimized PVP:Zn ratio (2.460 g) was found for PSCs based on P3HT/PCBM. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated PSCs with PVP-capped ZnO exhibited a significant increase of approximately 21% in PCE and excellent air-stability as compared with the uncapped ZnO-based PSCs.

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Photoinduced degradation from trace 1,8-diiodooctane in organic photovoltaics

Abstract: Residual 1,8-Diiodooctane (DIO), a common solvent additive used in organic photovoltaic (OPV) films, is found to cause photodegradation even at ppm concentrations.

Cited by 37 publications

References 49 publications

From fullerene acceptors to non-fullerene acceptors: prospects and challenges in the stability of organic solar cells

From fullerene acceptors to non-fullerene acceptors: prospects and challenges in the stability of organic solar cells

In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin‐Cast Small‐Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials

Effect of PVP-Capped ZnO Nanoparticles with Enhanced Charge Transport on the Performance of P3HT/PCBM Polymer Solar Cells

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