Photoinduced changes in the linear and non-linear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses

Petkov, K.; Ewen, Peter

doi:10.1016/s0022-3093(99)00330-0

Cited by 91 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…This may have been because sufficient pulse energies could not be coupled into these waveguides to make a comparison with the broadening observed in fs-written waveguides. However, modeling indicates that n 2 should increase in chalcogenides that undergo photodarkening [50]. This leads to the intriguing possibility that broadening was only observed in the fs-written waveguides because n 2 was higher in the fs-written waveguide structure.…”

Section: E Spectral Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

2009

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Nonlinear spectral broadening to 200 nm, from an initial width of 50 nm, has been demonstrated in gallium lanthanum sulphide glass waveguides from 1540 nm, 200 fs pulses at 30 nJ/pulse. A formation mechanism is presented for these femtosecond laser written waveguides, based on optical characterization and comparisons to previous work. Two different types of waveguide are identified. One has a characteristic long narrow structure and is formed through filamentation caused by self-focusing. The other has a characteristic "teardrop" structure, which is formed by a type IIA photosensitivity mechanism and cumulative heating of glass around a central laser-exposed region.

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Section: E Spectral Broadeningmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

2009

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“…Chalcogenide glasses have drawn great interest for their high refractive index, low-loss in mid-infrared, a wide range of photo-induced phenomena, and optical nonlinearities [1][2][3]. They are ideal candidates for various applications in infrared optics, such as lenses, all-optical switching, and laser written waveguides [4,5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of annealing conditions on the optical and structural properties of spin-coated As_2S_3 chalcogenide glass thin films

Song¹,

Dua²,

Arnold³

2010

Opt. Express

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Spin-coating of chalcogenide glass is a low-cost, scalable method to create optical grade thin films, which are ideal for visible and infrared applications. In this paper, we study the influence of annealing on optical parameters of As 2 S 3 films by examining UV-visible and infrared spectroscopy and correlating the results to changes in the physical properties associated with solvent removal. Evaporation of excess solvent results in a more highly coordinated, denser glass network with higher index and lower absorption. Depending on the annealing temperature and time, index values ranging from n = 2.1 to the bulk value (n = 2.4) can be obtained, enabling a pathway to materials optimization. 275-284 (1987). 19. S. Shtutina, M. Klebanov, S. R. V. Lyubin, and V. Volterra, "Photoinduced phenomena in spin-coated vitreous As2S3 and AsSe films," Thin Solid Films 261(1-2), 263-265 (1995). 20. J. Tauc, "Absorption edge and internal electric fields in amorphous semiconductors," Mater. Res. Bull. 5(8), 721-729 (1970). 21. R. Swanepoel, "Determination of the thickness and optical constans of amorphous silicon," J. Phys. E 16(12), 1214-1222 (1983). 22. E. Marquez, J. Ramirez-Malo, P. Villarest, R. Jimenez-Garay, P. J. S. Ewen, and A. E. Owen, "Calculation of the thickness and optical constants of amorphous arsenic sulfide films from their transmission spectra," J. Phys. D Appl. Phys. 25(3), 535-541 (1992). 23. S. Wemple, and M. DiDomenico, "Behavior of electronic dielectric constant in covalent and ionic materials,"Phys. Rev. B 3(4), 1338-1351 (1971). 24. S. Wemple, "Refractive-index behavior of amorphous semiconductors and glasses," Phys. Rev. B 7(8), 3767-3777 (1973).

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“…These shifts are normalized to obtain a change in effective index of 9.5 x 10 -5 and 1.2 x 10 -4 respectively. The measured change in index is significantly lower than one might expect for the pure chalcogenide glass [12,13]. However, since only a small portion of the propagating wavefunction leaks into the cladding region, we would expect the effective index to change by only a fraction of the index change of the glass itself.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Studies of the dependence of the optical properties of spin-coated As 2 S 3 films on illumination soon followed [9,10]. Particularly interesting is that that the index of refraction was found to depend strongly on wavelength [11] and to permanently increase by several percent after illumination [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Quantum cascade lasers tuned by amorphous As 2 S 3 claddings

et al. 2005

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Quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) have become a key component in the development of optical approaches to sensing applications. Recent experiments have shown the ability to achieve second harmonic generation from these structures suggesting the possibility of achieving short wave-infrared output. However, in these cases the power of the non-linear mode is limited by its phase mismatch with the fundamental cavity mode. By modifying the effective index of the laser system through cladding, one may ameliorate the mismatch to increase power output. In this study, we develop a simple method for drop-coating arsenic sulfide (As 2 S 3 ) glass on QCLs. The glass is processed by above band-gap illumination, which induces a change in the refractive index resulting in a shift of the output mode of the laser. We observe the effective index to change by a factor 1.3 x 10 -4 after 20 minutes of illumination at 312 nm for the fundamental wavelength of the QCL. Below band-gap irradiation, such as that occurring during device operation, is confirmed to have no effect on the material. Studies of the output of QCLs reveal for the first time mode shifting of the spectra as a result of optical modification to a cladding layer.

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Photoinduced changes in the linear and non-linear optical properties of chalcogenide glasses

Cited by 91 publications

References 12 publications

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Spectral broadening in femtosecond laser written waveguides in chalcogenide glass

Influence of annealing conditions on the optical and structural properties of spin-coated As_2S_3 chalcogenide glass thin films

Quantum cascade lasers tuned by amorphous As 2 S 3 claddings

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