Photographic Technique for Quantitative Physiological Studies of Paramecia and Other Motile Cells

Ferguson, Marion Lee

doi:10.1086/physzool.30.3.30160922

Cited by 22 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The pH sensitivity of Paramecium motion and behavior is complex, and extracellular pH has significant effects in addition to altering the swimming velocity, as has been already widely reported. These previous studies all show that, despite substantial differences in the chemical composition of the various test solutions, forward swimming velocity in the common species of Paramecium declines at acid and alkaline pH values (3, 6,8,19,20). The present studies extend the observations of Gunn & Walshe (10) in that acidic extremes of pH (but still within the range of the natural habitat [23,30.3 I]) induce an increased incidence of spontaneous ciliary reversals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K⁺‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum¹

Doughty

1986

The Journal of Protozoology

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ABSTRACT. Paramecium caudatum, reared on bacterized hay infusions at pH 6.5 to 6.9, were washed into various buffered solutions containing 0.016 mM CaCl2 and a pH of 3.5 to 10.4. Solutions of pH 4.5 to 9.5 support strong swimming of the cells for at least 24 h. At pH values acid to the culture medium, cells show an increasing frequency of spontaneous ciliary reversal episodes (“avoiding reactions”). Uninterrupted forward swimming is usually observed over the pH range of 7.1 to 8.5, and above pH 8.5, forward motion is interrupted by circular swimming. For all pH values tested, transfer of cells to a more acidic test solution than the solutions into which they were washed (adaptation solution) usually induced short duration, periodic ciliary reversal behavior. With transfer to a more alkaline test solution than the adaptation solution, the cells shift from forward left spiralling motion to forward right spiralling motion. With decreasing pH, the cells show progressively less sensitivity to KC1 stimulation, and at pH values of less than 5.0, cells fail to show significant ciliary reversal response to any KC1 concentration tested (1 ‐ 128 mM). At alkaline pH values and higher KC1 concentrations, the cells show very pronounced ciliary reversal behaviors but usually fail to regain forward swimming behavior.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K⁺‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum¹

Doughty

1986

The Journal of Protozoology

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“…Ferguson ( 10) concluded that narcosis is produced at equal thermodynamic activity for a wide variety of narcotics on a variety of organisms. His study provided for a distinction between narcosis and toxicity on the basis of a ten-fold greater thermodynamic activity for toxic action as compared with narcosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of CO₂ on *Paramecium multimicronucleatum**

Gittleson

Sears

1964

The Journal of Protozoology

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SYNOPSIS. Experiments were undertaken to examine and to quantitate the effect of CO2 upon movement, contractile vacuole activity, cellular volume and shape, and survival of Paramecium multimicronucleatum. Paramecia tolerated pressures of CO* up to 1 atmosphere for at least 24 hours. Above 1 atmosphere survival was inversely related to pressure of CO2. Increasing CO2 tensions slowed forward movement and altered length and width of the spiral paths. Pulsation rates of anterior contractile vacuoles diminished as the CO2 pressure increased. At 20 psi of CO2 vacuoles ceased to function. Paramecia retained their volume and shape when exposed to high CO2 tensions. Removal of CO2 from the medium decreased speed and length of spirals and caused an increase in cellular volume. These effects of pressure variation of “CO” are examined in terms of the ability of COS to expand the volume of hydrocarbons upon dissolving into these compounds and in terms of bicarbonate competing for cations at the cell membrane.

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“…swimming distance, velocity, response latency) during the cell's free locomotion or light-induced responses. Dark-field and lowmagnification photography (13,14) was also used for an illustration of cell movement patterns under different experimental conditions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Videomicroscopic Study of the Effect of l-cis-Diltiazem on the Photobehavior of Stentor coeruleus¶

Walerczyk¹,

Fabczak²,

Fabczak³

2003

Photochem Photobiol

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The protozoan ciliate Stentor coeruleus displays a step-up photophobic response to an increase in light intensity in its environment. The motile response consists of a delayed stop of ciliary beating and transient ciliary reversal period. Such light-avoiding behavior was significantly influenced by an incubation of cells with l-cis-diltiazem, a common blocker of cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-gated ion channel conductance. The introduction of l-cis-diltiazem to the medium induced ciliary reversal in control cells, mimicking the step-up photophobic response. In light-stimulated ciliates, the presence of this inhibitor caused a substantial decrease of the latency of ciliary stop response, prolongation of the ciliary reversal duration and also an increase of cell photoresponsiveness in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The obtained behavioral results support the suggestion that the photosensitive ciliate S. coeruleus possesses cGMP-gated channels, which may be involved in the process of light signal transduction for the motile photophobic response.

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Photographic Technique for Quantitative Physiological Studies of Paramecia and Other Motile Cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K⁺‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum¹

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K⁺‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum¹

Effects of CO₂ on *Paramecium multimicronucleatum**

A Videomicroscopic Study of the Effect of l-cis-Diltiazem on the Photobehavior of Stentor coeruleus¶

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Photographic Technique for Quantitative Physiological Studies of Paramecia and Other Motile Cells

Cited by 22 publications

References 10 publications

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K+‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum1

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K+‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum1

Effects of CO2 on Paramecium multimicronucleatum*

A Videomicroscopic Study of the Effect of l-cis-Diltiazem on the Photobehavior of Stentor coeruleus¶

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Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K⁺‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum¹

Effect of Extracellular pH on Motility and K⁺‐Induced Ciliary Reversal in Paramecium caudatum¹

Effects of CO₂ on *Paramecium multimicronucleatum**