Photographic Parallax Heights of Infrared Airflow Structures

Peterson, A. W.; Kieffaber, L. M.

doi:10.1038/244092a0

Cited by 27 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Airglow emissions are caused by chemiluminescent processes occurring in the upper atmosphere e.g., [14][15][16], predominately from excited hydroxyl (OH*), molecular oxygen (O 2 ), sodium (Na) and atomic oxygen (OI). This signal has been widely utilized to observe AGWs in the Earth's mesopause region by way of ground-based cameras/imagers or even the naked eye since 1970s and 1980s e.g., [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25]. Over recent decades, numerous studies of AGWs have used ground airglow imagers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Dual-Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Airglow

Yue

Perwitasari

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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Atmospheric gravity waves (AGWs) are among the important energy and momentum transfer mechanisms from the troposphere to the middle and upper atmosphere. Despite their understood importance in governing the structure and dynamics of these regions, mesospheric AGWs remain poorly measured globally, and largely unconstrained in numerical models. Since late 2011, the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) Visible/Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) day–night band (DNB) has observed global AGWs near the mesopause by virtue of its sensitivity to weak emissions of the OH* Meinel bands. The wave features, detectable at 0.75 km spatial resolution across its 3000 km imagery swath, are often confused by the upwelling emission of city lights and clouds reflecting downwelling nightglow. The Ionosphere, Mesosphere, upper Atmosphere and Plasmasphere (IMAP)/ Visible and near-Infrared Spectral Imager (VISI) O2 band, an independent measure of the AGW structures in nightglow based on the International Space Station (ISS) during 2012–2015, contains much less noise from the lower atmosphere. However, VISI offers much coarser resolution of 14–16 km and a narrower swath width of 600 km. Here, we present preliminary results of comparisons between VIIRS/DNB and VISI observations of AGWs, focusing on several concentric AGW events excited by the thunderstorms over Eastern Asia in August 2013. The comparisons point toward suggested improvements for future spaceborne airglow sensor designs targeting AGWs.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preliminary Dual-Satellite Observations of Atmospheric Gravity Waves in Airglow

Yue

Perwitasari

et al. 2019

Atmosphere

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“…Triangulation measurements of wave structure in the OH nightglow emission (e.g. Peterson and Kieaber, 1973) and the OI(557.7 nm) emission (e.g. Taylor et al, 1995b) have been made to estimate the mean height of the structures but only to an accuracy of typically AE2 km and with only limited capability for detailed studies of the individual layer morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of tomographic inversion in studying airglow in the mesopause region

Nygrén

Taylor

Lehtinen³

et al. 1998

Ann Geophysicae

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It is pointed out that observations of periodic nightglow structures give excellent information on atmospheric gravity waves in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere. The periods, the horizontal wavelengths and the phase speeds of the waves can be determined from airglow images and, using several cameras, the approximate altitude of the luminous layer can also be determined by triangulation. In this paper the possibility of applying tomographic methods for reconstructing the airglow structures is investigated using numerical simulations. A ground-based chain of cameras is assumed, two-dimensional airglow models in the vertical plane above the chain are constructed, and simulated data are calculated by integrating the models along a great number of rays with dierent elevation angles for each camera. After addition of random noise, these data are then inverted to obtain reconstructions of the models. A tomographic analysis package originally designed for satellite radiotomography is used in the inversion. The package is based on a formulation of stochastic inversion which allows the input of a priori information to the solver in terms of regularization variances. The reconstruction is carried out in two stages. In the ®rst inversion, constant regularization variances are used within a wide altitude range. The results are used in determining the approximate altitude range of the airglow structures. Then, in the second inversion, constant non-zero regularization variances are used inside this region and zero variances outside it. With this method reliable reconstructions of the models are obtained. The number of cameras as well as their separations are varied in order to ®nd out the limitations of the method.

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“…Since the early photographic observations of noctilucent clouds (NLC) by Jesse [1896] and "ionospheric structure" by Gbtz [1948] triangulation techniques have been used on a number of occasions to help identify atmospheric phenomena by determining the altitudes at which they originate. In particular, height measurements were essential for associating structure photographed in the near infrared (NIR) night sky emission [Peterson and Kieffaber, 1973] with the OH Meinel band emissions, which originate from a layer in the upper mesosphere at ~87 km altitude. These measurements were made using basic triangulation methods applied to pairs of long exposure photographs (5-15 rain) taken from two widely separated sites (~65 km).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%