Photogrammetric Block Adjustment Without Control Points

El-Ashmawy, Khalid L. A.

doi:10.3846/gac.2018.880

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(5 reference statements)

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“…• The bundle block adjustment has system error for the Z coordinate larger than for planimetric (X, Y) coordinates which was expected [9,14,15] and • The maximum system error is 0.002μm for the ground coordinates of check points, which is negligible.…”

Section: ) Testing the System Error For Bundle Block Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Simulated Photogrammetric Data for Testing the Performance of Photogrammetric Instruments and Systems

El-Ashmawy¹

2022

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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The generation of mathematical photograms (photos) as data is universally accepted as the basis for photogrammetric studies. New development in the field of computer technology has had a major influence on photogrammetry. This paper aims to describe the development of a computer system called SimuPhotos designed to produce simulated data in different forms for testing photogrammetric methodologies, software, and instruments. SimuPhotos is capable of generating photogrammetric blocks with different specifications. It generates the simulated data for the whole block, strips, or selected photos. The simulated free error data include the camera interior orientation parameters, ground coordinates of points, and for each photograph, camera exterior orientation parameters, and the photo coordinates of imaged points. To increase the capabilities of the developed system, it has a special error generator to get normally distributed error(s) with arbitrary mean(s) and standard deviation(s). The obtained errors are then, if required, applied to the error-free photo and ground coordinates of points. The developed system interfaces CAD technology to generate simulated photogrammetric data in DXF and raster formats which are suitable for testing the photogrammetric instruments and softcopy systems. SimuPhotos has been used for testing the analytical photogrammetric system PhotoMap. The results showed that PhotoMap is free of system error and is functional. Also, the results showed that SimuPhotos can effectively provide a convenient, economical, and accurate testing tool for photogrammetric systems. The developed system is quite versatile and affordable.

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Section: ) Testing the System Error For Bundle Block Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…Coplanarity [9], Distance-Control [14], No-Control [15], INTERSECTION [2] and GENERATE [2]. SimuPhotos was used for generating the necessary data for testing all computational stages of the developed modules of PhotoMap.…”

Section: Wwwetasrcommentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulated Photogrammetric Data for Testing the Performance of Photogrammetric Instruments and Systems

El-Ashmawy¹

2022

Eng. Technol. Appl. Sci. Res.

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“…The desired parameters are adjusted as an outcome of one simultaneous least-squares adjustment of the m photos (strip or block). The operation is often called the Bundle Block Adjustment (BBA) or simply Bundle adjustment (BA) [37]. The bundle adjustment approach is preferred over alternative methods because of its flexibility; it covers a broad range of 3D feature and camera kinds, scene types, information sources, and error models gracefully accuracy; bundle adjustment produces accurate, precise, and interpretable results, and efficiency; even on very big problems, mature bundle algorithms are relatively efficient [33].…”

Section: Bundle Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bundle adjustment uses the well-known collinearity equations, or coplanarity condition, to create two equations for each measured imaging point and gives a unique solution for the system of observation equations using the least-squares approach. The collinearity equations can be written as [37]: . (2)…”

Section: Bundle Adjustmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accuracy Assessment of Establishing 3D Real Scale Model in Close-Range Photogrammetry with Digital Camera

Hadi¹,

Khalaf²

2022

ETJ

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 Determination of real scale model coordinates.  Determination of camera interior orientation parameters (IOPs).  Determination of camera exterior orientation parameters (EOPs).  The bundle block adjustment method (BBA) is used in photogrammetric processing based on the collinearity equation.  Assessment of results through statistical analysis showed a reliable accuracy where the overall accuracy of work is 5 mm.Three-dimensional (3D) real-scale models delivered from digital photogrammetric techniques have rapidly increased to meet the requirements of many applications in different fields of daily life. This paper deals with establishing a 3D real-scale model from a block of images (18 images) captured using a Canon EOS 500D digital camera to cover a test field area consisting of 90 artificial target points, 25 of which are ground control points (GCPs). At the same time, the remains are checkpoints (CPs). The analytical photogrammetric processes, including the calculation of interior orientation parameters (IOPs) of the camera during the camera calibration process and exterior orientation parameters (EOPs) of the camera in each capture. The model's object space (ground) coordinates are calculated simultaneously based on the collinearity equation using the bundle block adjustment method (BBA). Assessment and validation of the accuracy of the results is an important task in this study that was implemented to determine and analyze the errors of 3D coordinates through linear regression analysis (LRA). Root mean square error (RMSE) is the statistical parameter used in the statistical analysis of results. The standard error is another statistical parameter used to evaluate the accuracy of camera locations and rotation angles (EOPs). The total RMSE (RMSE) xyz of GCPs is ± 2.530 mm, while the total RMSE (RMSExyz) of CPs is ± 2.740 mm. The overall accuracy of the work is 5.000 mm.

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“…Besides classical AT, which is the indirect technique for determining the EOPs using GCPs, Direct Georeferencing (DG) without the use of any GCPs or least GCPs is also possible with high-accuracy integrated GNSS and IMU (Cramer 1999, Lembicz 2006, Rizaldy and Firdaus 2012, Shi et al 2017, El-Ashmawy 2018. However, the GCPs are necessary for quality assurance and control (Cramer 1999, Madani and.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the strip- and block-wise aerial triangulation using different exterior orientation parameters weights

Jouybari

Bagherbandi

Nilfouroushan

2021

Journal of Spatial Science

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In this study, three different procedures: checkpoint RMS of residuals, statistical evaluation of AT results using t-test, and comparison of a photogrammetric digital surface model (DSM) and LiDAR data are used to analyse the effect of IMU and GNSS uncertainties on the final adjusted results. The outcome suggests that the method of block-wise GNSS shift correction is the better method for aerial triangulation and one should use appropriate observable weights in AT. The comparison of checkpoint RMS residuals between the two methods shows that the block-wise solution is on average 6cm more accurate than the strip-wise solution.

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Photogrammetric Block Adjustment Without Control Points

Cited by 7 publications

References 5 publications

Simulated Photogrammetric Data for Testing the Performance of Photogrammetric Instruments and Systems

Simulated Photogrammetric Data for Testing the Performance of Photogrammetric Instruments and Systems

Accuracy Assessment of Establishing 3D Real Scale Model in Close-Range Photogrammetry with Digital Camera

Comparison of the strip- and block-wise aerial triangulation using different exterior orientation parameters weights

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