Photoemission study of the carrier bands in Bi(111)

Hengsberger, Matthias; Segovia, P.; Garnier, M. G.; Purdie, D.; Baer, Y.

doi:10.1007/s100510070097

Cited by 48 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Notably, the Bi͑110͒, 2 Bi͑100͒, 3 and Bi͑111͒ 4,5 surfaces are much better metals than the bulk due to the presence of metallic surface states. A particularly interesting feature of the surface electronic structure is the role of spin-orbit splitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the (111) surface of bismuth: LEED analysis and first-principles calculations

et al. 2005

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The surface structure of Bi͑111͒ was investigated by low-energy electron diffraction ͑LEED͒ intensity analysis for temperatures between 140 and 313 K and by first-principles calculations. The diffraction pattern reveals a ͑1 ϫ 1͒ surface structure and LEED intensity versus energy simulations confirm that the crystal is terminated with a Bi bilayer. Excellent agreement is obtained between the calculated and measured diffraction intensities in the whole temperature range. The first interlayer spacing shows no significant relaxation at any temperature while the second interlayer spacing expands slightly. The Debye temperatures deduced from the optimized atomic vibrational amplitudes for the two topmost layers are found to be significantly lower than in the bulk. The experimental results for the relaxations agree well with those of our first-principles calculation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure of the (111) surface of bismuth: LEED analysis and first-principles calculations

et al. 2005

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“…The ͑110͒, 5 ͑111͒, 6,7 and ͑100͒ ͑Ref. 8͒ surfaces of Bi are particularly good examples of quasi-two-dimensional metals, because they are good metals whereas the semimetallic bulk material is not.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence against a charge density wave on Bi(111)

et al. 2005

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The Bi͑111͒ surface was studied by scanning tunneling microscopy ͑STM͒, transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒, and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy ͑ARPES͒ in order to verify the existence of a recently proposed surface charge-density wave ͑CDW͒ ͓Ch. R. Ast and H. Höchst, Phys. Rev. Lett. 90, 016403 ͑2003͔͒. The STM and TEM results do not support a CDW scenario at low temperatures. Furthermore, the quasiparticle interference pattern observed in STM confirms the spin-orbit split character of the surface states which prevents the formation of a CDW, even in the case of good nesting. The dispersion of the electronic states observed with ARPES agrees well with earlier findings. In particular, the Fermi contour of the electron pocket at the center of the surface Brillouin zone is found to have a hexagonal shape. However, no gap opening or other signatures of a CDW phase transition can be found in the temperature-dependent data.

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“…Since these surface states contribute only very little to the density of states at the Fermi level, the observed spin-orbit or Rashba splitting of these states will not show up in transport phenomena. On the other hand, surface states of a semimetal would give a prominent contribution [6,7] which could make these systems interesting for applications in the field of spintronics. The surfaces of the semimetal Bi seem to be ideal to advance our understanding of SOC on surfaces and how it manifests itself in experiments.…”

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Strong Spin-Orbit Splitting on Bi Surfaces

et al. 2004

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Using first-principles calculations and angle-resolved photoemission, we show that the spin-orbit interaction leads to a strong splitting of the surface state bands on low-index surfaces of Bi. The dispersion of the states and the corresponding Fermi surfaces are profoundly modified in the whole surface Brillouin zone. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to a proposed surface charge density wave on Bi(111) as well as to the surface screening, surface spin-density waves, electron (hole) dynamics in surface states, and to possible applications to the spintronics. Recently, spin-orbit coupling (SOC) on surfaces and the resulting splitting of the surface-state bands has attracted considerable attention. While it is a wellestablished fact that the reduction of coordination at surfaces and in thin films can lead to pronounced magnetic effects, the discovery of a small splitting in the band of the sp surface state on the non-magnetic Au(111) surface and its interpretation as being due to SOC by LaShell et al.[1] came as a surprise. More sophisticated angleresolved photoemission (ARPES) investigations and calculations have meanwhile confirmed this splitting [2] and the combination of the experimental results with firstprinciples calculations do indeed proof that the SOC is causing it [2,3]. Later, larger SOC-induced splittings were found on the Li-covered surfaces of W and Mo [4] and the predicted difference in spin-orientations for H on W(110) was confirmed experimentally using spinresolved ARPES [5]. Since these surface states contribute only very little to the density of states at the Fermi level, the observed spin-orbit or Rashba splitting of these states will not show up in transport phenomena. On the other hand, surface states of a semimetal would give a prominent contribution [6,7] which could make these systems interesting for applications in the field of spintronics. The surfaces of the semimetal Bi seem to be ideal to advance our understanding of SOC on surfaces and how it manifests itself in experiments. Of particular interest are the influence of the SOC on the electron-phonon coupling [8], electron and hole dynamics [9], and the possible formation of surface charge (spin) density waves. The occurrence of strong SOC in low-dimensional structures of non-magnetic materials could also have applications like spin-filter devices. ARPES measurements of the Fermi surface (FS) andsurface states were recently performed by Ast and Höchst for Bi(111) [10]. They interpreted the obtained FS in terms of two different surface bands which are not degenerate at theΓ point. Based on this electronic structure they proposed a possible mechanism for the formation of surface charge density waves (CDW) on Bi(111) [11]. Agergaard et al. [7] measured surface states and the FS on Bi(110). They pointed out that these surface states should be completely non-degenerate because of spin-orbit splitting but, as we show below, the splitting is so large that an easy identification of the spin-split bands was not possib...

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Photoemission study of the carrier bands in Bi(111)

Cited by 48 publications

References 0 publications

Structure of the (111) surface of bismuth: LEED analysis and first-principles calculations

Structure of the (111) surface of bismuth: LEED analysis and first-principles calculations

Evidence against a charge density wave on Bi(111)

Strong Spin-Orbit Splitting on Bi Surfaces

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