Photoemission spectroscopic investigation on the interface formation of a ladder-type poly(<i>para</i>-phenylene) with aluminum

Koch, Norbert; Pairleitner, R.; Le, Quoctoan; Forsythe, Eric; Gao, Yongli; Leising, G.

doi:10.1063/1.126767

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…55,56 This behavior is comparable to that observed for other physisorptive metal/organic systems. 35,[57][58][59] At ⌰ϭ80 Å most of the Au deposit has become metallic and the spectrum closely resembles the one obtained for 2 Å DIP on Au. A clear Fermi edge is visible, and the prominent photoemission peak at 6 eV BE is attributed to the Au 5d band.…”

Section: Gold On Dipsupporting

confidence: 69%

Interplay between morphology, structure, and electronic properties at diindenoperylene-gold interfaces

Dürr

Koch

Kelsch³

et al. 2003

Phys. Rev. B

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120

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We present a study of the morphology, structure, and electronic properties of interfaces formed between Au and the organic semiconductor diindenoperylene ͑DIP͒ employing transmission electron microscopy ͑TEM͒, atomic-force microscopy ͑AFM͒, x-ray diffraction, and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy ͑UPS͒. Pronounced islanding of the DIP films deposited on Au is found by AFM as well as by TEM. In addition, TEM images show individual monolayers of DIP with the long molecular axis parallel to the substrate, suggesting a lying-down phase ͑-phase͒. TEM images also show the formation of Au clusters and a certain degree of Au interdiffusion into the DIP film after Au deposition on DIP. Specular and grazing incidence x-ray diffraction show the coexistence of standing phase ͑-phase͒ and -phase with a preferred growth of the -phase. UPS is used to study the evolution of the electronic structure of the DIP-on-Au and Au-on-DIP interfaces. DIP is found to physisorb on Au. The energy difference between substrate Fermi level and the DIP highest occupied molecular orbital at the interface is 1.0 eV. This hole-injection barrier increases to 1.45 eV away from the interface because of decreased screening by the metal and possible changes in molecular conformation. For Au deposition onto DIP, UPS traces the formation of Au clusters as a function of Au coverage. These clusters percolate only for Au coverages higher than 32 Å to give a continuous metal surface coverage and conductivity. The interaction between the Au clusters and DIP is also found to be of physisorptive nature.

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Section: Gold On Dipsupporting

confidence: 69%

Interplay between morphology, structure, and electronic properties at diindenoperylene-gold interfaces

Dürr

Koch

Kelsch³

et al. 2003

Phys. Rev. B

Self Cite

120

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“…The description of details of the interaction depends very much on the actual material pairing, and cannot be readily generalized. Furthermore, there are examples where organic materials did not react with Al [p-sexiphenyl, [89] methyl-substituted ladder-type polyA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G (pphenA C H T U N G T R E N N U N G ylene) [90] ] or Mg. [91] However, a more general trend for the interaction with conjugated systems can be stated for alkali and alkaline-earth metals, which are also used to improve electron injection. Quite commonly, the interaction is mainly governed by charge transfer from the metal atoms to the LUMO of the conjugated system, which results in the formation of polarons and/or bipolarons (stabilized by the presence of the metal counterions) that are occupied states within the otherwise empty energy gap.…”

Section: Low-work-function Cathodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Electronic Devices and Their Functional Interfaces

2007

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A most appealing feature of the development of (opto)electronic devices based on conjugated organic materials is the highly visible link between fundamental research and technological advances. Improved understanding of organic material properties can often instantly be implemented in novel device architectures, which results in rapid progress in the performance and functionality of devices. An essential ingredient for this success is the strong interdisciplinary nature of the field of organic electronics, which brings together experts in chemistry, physics, and engineering, thus softening or even removing traditional boundaries between the disciplines. Naturally, a thorough comprehension of all properties of organic insulators, semiconductors, and conductors is the goal of current efforts. Furthermore, interfaces between dissimilar materials-organic/organic and organic/inorganic-are inherent in organic electronic devices. It has been recognized that these interfaces are a key for device function and efficiency, and detailed investigations of interface physics and chemistry are at the focus of research. Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of phenomena at interfaces with organic materials will improve the rational design of highly functional organic electronic devices.

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“…The description of details of the interaction depends very much on the actual material pairing, and cannot be readily generalized. Furthermore, there are examples of organic materials that do not react with Al (p-sexiphenyl [34], methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(p-phenylene) [35]) or Mg [36]. However, a more general trend for the interaction with conjugated systems can be stated for alkali and alkaline-earth metals, which are also frequently used to improve electron injection.…”

Section: Low Work Function Electrodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electronic structure of interfaces with conjugated organic materials

Koch

2012

Physica Rapid Research Ltrs

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The function and efficiency of most organic electronic and opto‐electronic devices greatly depend on the electronic structure of the interfaces therein. Charge injection from electrical contacts into the organic semiconductor, charge extraction, or exciton dissociation at organic semiconductor heterojunctions are crucial processes that must be optimized for high device efficiency. Consequently, the energy levels at these interfaces must be matched to allow for optimal performance. The key mechanisms that determine the energy level alignment at organic/electrode and organic/organic interfaces are reviewed, and methods to adjust the levels at such interfaces are presented. (© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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Photoemission spectroscopic investigation on the interface formation of a ladder-type poly(para-phenylene) with aluminum

Cited by 6 publications

References 13 publications

Interplay between morphology, structure, and electronic properties at diindenoperylene-gold interfaces

Interplay between morphology, structure, and electronic properties at diindenoperylene-gold interfaces

Organic Electronic Devices and Their Functional Interfaces

Electronic structure of interfaces with conjugated organic materials

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