Photoelectron waiting times and atomic state reduction in resonance fluorescence

Carmichael, H. J.; Singh, Surendra; Vyas, Reeta; Rice, Perry

doi:10.1103/physreva.39.1200

Cited by 203 publications

(216 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…The state of a classically driven two-level atom conditioned on direct photodetection of its resonance fluorescence has been considered in detail before [1,4,5]. The treatment here is thus restricted to formulating the stochastic evolution in the manner presented above, and giving a closed-form expression for the stationary probability distribution of states on the Bloch sphere, which has not been done before.…”

Section: B Direct Photodetectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of quantum jump and diffusion processes illustrated on the Bloch sphere

1993

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It is shown that the evolution of an open quantum system whose density operator obeys a Markovian master equation can in some cases be meaningfully described in terms of stochastic Schrodinger equations (SSE's) for its state vector. A necessary condition for this is that the information carried away from the system by the bath (source of the irreversibility) be recoverable. The primary field of application is quantum optics, where the bath consists of the continuum of electromagnetic modes. The information lost from the system can be recovered using a perfect photodetector. The state of the system conditioned on the photodetections undergoes stochastic quantum jumps. Alternative measurement schemes on the outgoing light (homodyne and heterodyne detection) are shown to give rise to SSE's with diffusive terms. These three detection schemes are illustrated on a simple quantum system, the two-level atom, giving new perspectives on the interpretation of measurement results. The reality of these and other stochastic processes for state vectors is discussed.

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Section: B Direct Photodetectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpretation of quantum jump and diffusion processes illustrated on the Bloch sphere

1993

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“…For simple atomic systems (2 or 3 levels) coupled to the electromagnetic field, the dynamics can be interpreted in terms of one or a few delay functions, which give the probability distribution of the time intervals between the emission of two successive photons [13,14,15]. When these functions are known analytically, they can generate a very efficient Monte-Carlo analysis of the process: just after the emission of the n th fluorescence photon at time t n , the atom is in its ground state and the choice of a single random number is sufficient to determine the time t n+1 of emission of the n + 1 st photon.…”

Section: Mcwf and Other Stochastic Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wave-function approach to dissipative processes in quantum optics

1992

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We present a wave function approach to study the evolution of a small system when it is coupled to a large reservoir. Fluctuations and dissipation originate in this approach from quantum jumps occurring randomly during the time evolution of the system. This approach can be applied to a wide class of relaxation operators in the Markovian regime, and it is equivalent to the standard Master Equation approach. The problem of dissipation plays a central role in Atomic Physics and Quantum Optics. The simplest example is the phenomenon of spontaneous emission, where the coupling between an atom and the ensemble of modes of the quantized electromagnetic field gives a finite lifetime to all excited atomic levels. Usually

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“…rescence [3,4,5,6]. For this reason, we use it as a test system for investigating realistic photodetection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum trajectories for realistic photodetection: II. Application and analysis

Warszawski

Wiseman

2002

J. Opt. B: Quantum Semiclass. Opt.

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In the preceding paper [Warszawski and Wiseman] we presented a general formalism for determining the state of a quantum system conditional on the output of a realistic detector, including effects such as a finite bandwidth and electronic noise. We applied this theory to two sorts of photodetectors: avalanche photodiodes and photoreceivers. In this paper we present simulations of these realistic quantum trajectories for a cavity QED scenario in order to ascertain how the conditioned state varies from that obtained with perfect detection. Large differences are found, and this is manifest in the average of the conditional purity. Simulation also allows us to comprehensively investigate how the quality of the the photoreceiver depends upon its physical parameters. In particular, we present evidence that in the limit of small electronic noise, the photoreceiver quality can be characterized by an effective bandwidth, which depends upon the level of electronic noise and the filter bandwidth. We establish this result as an appropriate limit for a simpler, analytically solvable, system. We expect this to be a general result in other applications of our theory.

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Photoelectron waiting times and atomic state reduction in resonance fluorescence

Cited by 203 publications

References 37 publications

Interpretation of quantum jump and diffusion processes illustrated on the Bloch sphere

Interpretation of quantum jump and diffusion processes illustrated on the Bloch sphere

Wave-function approach to dissipative processes in quantum optics

Quantum trajectories for realistic photodetection: II. Application and analysis

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