Photoelectrochemical sensors based on heterogeneous nanostructures for in vitro diagnostics

Advances in Electrochemical Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials for Protein Biomarker Detection in Saliva

“…The PEC sensor is relatively new in the field of saliva-based diagnostics. [100,148] Generally, PEC-based protein detection involves the functionalization of a semiconductor electrode with bio-receptors whose binding with the target protein induces variations of the sensor photocurrent response. Upon illumination, the semiconductor or semiconductor composite catalyzes the redox reaction of charge-scavenging species at the electrode/electrolyte interface thereby generating the photocurrent response.…”

“…[44,99] Nevertheless, although the single-nanomaterialbased sensor may perform satisfactorily, a substantial number of works indicated the need to modify the nanomaterial with doping elements [115] and/or form composites with another one or more nanomaterials. [148] Especially, the design of heterostructures or nanocomposites of two or more nanomaterials is crucial in impedimetric, voltammetric, and PEC sensors to maximize charge transfer efficiencies at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces. [111,120,125] The role of electrode materials is not dissociated from the biorecognition probes.…”

“…Moreover, future works may exploit the use of saliva as the electrolyte medium and compare PEC sensing in saliva to that in standard electrolytes. It is also observed that other PEC sensing mechanisms, besides PRET and steric hindrance, namely in situ generation of electroactive or insulating compounds [ 148 ] have not been much explored in saliva biosensing.…”

Micro- and nanosystems for the detection of hemorrhagic fever viruses

“…259 To date, based on the electron generation mechanisms, different types of electrochemical sensors have been developed, including amperometric sensors, 260,261 impedance sensors, 262,263 and photoelectrochemical sensors. 264,265 The performance of an electrochemical sensing platform is determined both by the chosen electrode material and recognition elements (e.g., antibody, aptamer, phage), which are capable of selectively reacting with target analytes. Typically, high-conductivity electrode materials are chosen as they can accelerate electron transduction, resulting in an increased detection sensitivity.…”

Methods and Advances in the Design, Testing and Development of In Vitro Diagnostic Instruments

“…In vitro diagnostic instruments are known as the "doctor's eyes" in the medical field and are an important part of modern laboratory medicine [1,2]. The clinical application of IVD instruments runs through the whole process of disease diagnosis and treatment, including disease prevention, preliminary diagnosis, treatment plan selection and efficacy evaluation, providing doctors with a large number of useful clinical diagnostic information and increasingly becoming an important component of human disease diagnosis and treatment [3,4].…”