One
of the promising renewable energy sources is converting CO2 into useful chemical fuels; it will help to overcome both
energy supply and global warming issues. Among various methods for
CO2 reduction, photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2 conversion is the most promising and easy method so far because
it can be useful to control thermodynamics and kinetics of CO2 reduction reaction for product selectivity and fast reaction
kinetics by mimicking natural photosynthesis without high input energy
cost. However, it has some limitation factors that create difficulties
for widespread utilization. The detection of CO2 products
and intermediates on a small scale is another challenging part in
this field. The small amount of the CO2 product can be
further oxidized or evaporated, which could be difficult to be detected.
Therefore, an in situ technique is a good approach
to study the proper reduction mechanism during the CO2 reduction
process. This review starts with basic concept of solar to fuel (STF)
conversion by CO2 reduction and covers various aspects
related to photoelectrochemical CO2 reduction. This main
theme is completely depending on important parameters such as photoanode
materials, photocathode materials, electrolyte solutions for photoelectrochemical
CO2 reduction with the most important in situ measurement techniques for product analysis.