Photoelectric properties of a detector based on dried bacteriorhodopsin film

Wang, Wei Wei; Knopf, George K.; Bassi, Amarjeet

doi:10.1016/j.bios.2005.06.003

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The light-sensitive protein found in the salt marsh archaebacteria H. salinarum has been extensively studied as an organic photosensitive material for a variety of engineering applications including photocells and optical memory (Hampp 2000;Wang et al 2005). In its natural state, the bR molecules utilize the sun's energy to transport hydrogen ions across the cell membrane, thereby generating the potential difference necessary for synthesizing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) from adenosine diphosphate (ADP).…”

Section: Nano-scale Br Proton Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of an optically driven pH gradient generator based on self-assembled proton pumps

Al-Aribe

Knopf

Bassi

2011

Microfluid Nanofluid

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Optically manipulating the local pH of a target solution in a microchannel, or reservoir, provides a mechanism for activating and controlling a variety of biological and chemical processes on Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) devices and micro-total analysis systems (l-TAS). A microscale pH gradient generator that exploits the lightactivated molecular proton pumps found in the purple membranes (PM) of bacteriorhodopsin is described in this paper. The photo-electro-chemical transducer is an ultrathin layer (*13 nm) of oriented PM patches self-assembled on an Au-coated porous substrate. A biotin labeling and streptavidin molecular recognition technique is used to ensure that the extracellular side of all PM patches is attached to the porous substrate enabling unidirectional and efficient transport of ions across the transducer surface. The photo-induced proton pumps generate a flow of ions that produce a measurable change in pH between the separated solutions. The self-assembly procedure is experimentally quantified based on the capacitance characteristics of the bR membranes. The investigation confirms that the transducer is covered with the bR proton pumps at a mass density of 2.33 ng/cm 2 . Experimental tests also show that the proposed transducer can repeatedly generate pH gradients as high as 0.42 and absolute voltage differences as high as 25 mV when illuminated by an 18 mW, 568 nm light source. Furthermore, the DpH is observed to be nonlinear with respect to light intensity and exposure time. The DpH of the target solution is sufficient to cause a phenolphthalein indicator dye to change color or an ionic hydrogel micro-valve to expand.

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Section: Nano-scale Br Proton Pumpsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of an optically driven pH gradient generator based on self-assembled proton pumps

Al-Aribe

Knopf

Bassi

2011

Microfluid Nanofluid

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“…Archaea have developed unique adaptive features which has helped these organisms survive and demonstrate social behaviours in extreme conditions. Bacteriorhodopsin is a retinal-protein complex found in Halobacterium salinarum, which is used as a transmembrane light-driven proton pump used for energy production (Bhattacharya et al, 2002;Wang et al, 2006a). This form of adaptation is specifically found in halophilic arcahaea which comprises of an opsin protein and purple retinal that creates a proton gradient which is used by an F-class ATPase to synthesize ATP in anaerobic environments by absorbing photons (Oren, 1999).…”

Section: Social Behaviours In Archaementioning

confidence: 99%

Is it Quantum Sentience or Quantum Consciousness? A Review of Social Behaviours Observed in Primitive and Present-Day Microorganisms

Pereira

2015

Neuroquantology

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Social and intelligent behavioural designs have been observed in primitive and present day microorganisms in all three kingdoms of life. These behavioural patterns help microorganisms, to understand, evaluate and judge their constantly varying environment. Behaviour is represented as conscious moment, which occurs due to an event, which may be intentional or unintentional. Microorganisms have the capability of displaying behaviours, which can be compared to cognitive actions of the neural system in higher organisms. This review is a collection of social behaviours observed in present-day microorganisms as well as predicted behaviours in microfossils that have been studied so far. The intent of this review is to prove the origin and existence of consciousness or sentient awareness in microorganisms based on which these social behaviours originated and its comparison to multifaceted conscious behaviours observed in higher beings; its correlation to quantum generated consciousness which enables organisms to understand and judge perceptions, which gives the organism a prospect to behave as per will.

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“…3. Each component in the equivalent circuit model represents an analogue found in the bR photoreceptor's physical model [11]. The overall behavior of the bR molecule is that of a current generator, I (t).…”

Section: Bacteriorhodopsin Photoreceptorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spherical imaging array based on bioelectronic photoreceptors

Wang

Knopf

Bassi

2006

Optomechatronic Sensors, Instrumentation, and Computer-Vision Systems

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The performance of wide field-of-view (FOV) and omni-directional sensors are often limited by the complex optics used to project three-dimensional world points onto the planar surface of a charged-couple device (CCD) or CMOS array. Recent advances in the design and development of a spherical imaging system that exploits the fast photoelectric signals generated by dried bacteriorhodopsin (bR) films are described in this paper. The bendable, lightweight and durable bRbased photocell array is manufactured on an indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coated plastic film using Electrophoretic Sedimentation technique (EPS). The effective sensing area of each pixel in the preliminary prototype is 2×2 mm 2 , separated by 1mm and arranged in a 4×4 array. When exposed to light, the differential response characteristic is attributed to charge displacement and recombination within the bR molecule, as well as loading effects of the attached amplifier. The peak spectral response occurs at 568nm and is linear over the tested light power range of 200µW to 12mW. Response remains linear at the other tested wavelengths, but at reduced signal amplitude. Excess material between the bR sensing elements can be cut from the plastic substrate to increase structure flexibility and permit the array of photodetectors to be wrapped around the exterior, or adhered to the interior, of a sphere.

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Photoelectric properties of a detector based on dried bacteriorhodopsin film

Cited by 35 publications

References 26 publications

Fabrication of an optically driven pH gradient generator based on self-assembled proton pumps

Fabrication of an optically driven pH gradient generator based on self-assembled proton pumps

Is it Quantum Sentience or Quantum Consciousness? A Review of Social Behaviours Observed in Primitive and Present-Day Microorganisms

Spherical imaging array based on bioelectronic photoreceptors

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