Photodynamic therapy with conventional and PEGylated liposomal formulations of mTHPC (temoporfin): comparison of treatment efficacy and distribution characteristics in vivo
“…Special delivery forms such as liposomes (Reshetov et al 2013), polymeric nanoparticle (Ogawara et al 2016) and dendrimers (Bastien et al 2015) were extensively studied and showed important progress in drug delivery and PDT. Among the investigated drug delivery systems, cyclodextrins are promising PSs carriers (Kryjewski et al 2015;Mazzaglia 2011).…”
“…Special delivery forms such as liposomes (Reshetov et al 2013), polymeric nanoparticle (Ogawara et al 2016) and dendrimers (Bastien et al 2015) were extensively studied and showed important progress in drug delivery and PDT. Among the investigated drug delivery systems, cyclodextrins are promising PSs carriers (Kryjewski et al 2015;Mazzaglia 2011).…”
“…4 Liposomal formulations of mTHPC (Foslip ® , Fospeg ® ) provided some improvements with regard to pharmacokinetics in tumor-bearing mice, but the capacity of the mTHPC-loaded liposomes to penetrate the tumor tissue remained unknown until recently. 4,102 The high fluorescence quantum yield of mTHPC allows the accurate tracing of PS penetration into the MCTS. 32,103 It was shown that irrespective of formulation (free mTHPC, Foslip ® or Fospeg ® ), the PS fluorescence was limited to the outer rim of the spheroid with a slightly higher drug content for liposomal mTHPC formulations.…”
The increasing number of publications on the subject shows that nanomedicine is an attractive field for investigations aiming to considerably improve anticancer chemotherapy. Based on selective tumor targeting while sparing healthy tissue, carrier-mediated drug delivery has been expected to provide significant benefits to patients. However, despite reduced systemic toxicity, most nanodrugs approved for clinical use have been less effective than previously anticipated. The gap between experimental results and clinical outcomes demonstrates the necessity to perform comprehensive drug screening by using powerful preclinical models. In this context, in vitro three-dimensional models can provide key information on drug behavior inside the tumor tissue. The multicellular tumor spheroid (MCTS) model closely mimics a small avascular tumor with the presence of proliferative cells surrounding quiescent cells and a necrotic core. Oxygen, pH and nutrient gradients are similar to those of solid tumor. Furthermore, extracellular matrix (ECM) components and stromal cells can be embedded in the most sophisticated spheroid design. All these elements together with the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles (NPs) play a key role in drug transport, and therefore, the MCTS model is appropriate to assess the ability of NP to penetrate the tumor tissue. This review presents recent developments in MCTS models for a better comprehension of the interactions between NPs and tumor components that affect tumor drug delivery. MCTS is particularly suitable for the high-throughput screening of new nanodrugs.
“…The usage of a lower dose of mTHPC in our study is possible due to its encapsulation in liposomes, which reduced the unspecific distribution and accumulation of the drug in the body and thus increased its therapeutic efficacy. In previous studies, the liposomal formulation Foslip was injected with 150 or even 300 µg of mTHPC per kg weight, meaning almost four to eight times more drug than we used [11,12]. Therefore, our data show that the amount of the photosensitizer could be considerably reduced without losing the therapeutic efficacy.…”
Abstract:The objective of this study was to determine an optimal dose of photodynamic therapy (PDT) for inducing apoptotic tumor cells in vivo. In this context, mice bearing human tongue-squamous epithelium carcinomas were treated with various photosensitizer concentrations and fluences. Tumor apoptosis was imaged after 2 days via a self-designed DY-734-annexin V probe using near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) optical imaging. Apoptosis was verified ex vivo via TUNEL staining. Apoptotic tumor cells were detected in vivo at a dose of 40 µg photosensitizer and a fluency of 100 J/cm 2 . This is the lowest photosensitizer dose reported so far.
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