Photodynamic Therapy Using Novel Glucose-conjugated Chlorin Increases Apoptosis of Cholangiocellular Carcinoma in Comparison with Talaporfin Sodium

Abstract

The new G-PDT treatment showed a high prevalence of apoptosis and inhibition of tumor growth in treatment of BDC cells.

Photodynamic Therapy Using a Novel Phosphorus Tetraphenylporphyrin Induces an Anticancer Effect via Bax/Bcl-xL-related Mitochondrial Apoptosis in Biliary Cancer Cells

“…In the clinical setting, PDT for biliary tract cancer is currently performed using porfimer sodium or talarporfin sodium as a photosensitizer [ 33 , 37 ]. Porfimer sodium is effective at a high dose, but patients experience prolonged skin photosensitivity as a side effect [ 38 ].…”

“…PDT using several photosensitizers, including porfimer sodium, temoporfin and talarporfin sodium, combined with lasers has been used to treat biliary tract carcinoma, but the efficacy is limited [ 34 , 36 , 48 ]. These photosensitizers also have disadvantages of poor water solubility, high skin photosensitivity and low efficiency of singlet oxygen generation [ 5 , 7 , 50 ], while clinical use of lasers is also limited due to cost and complicated maintenance [ 22 , 33 ]. Therefore, there is a need to develop photosensitizers with high efficiency and minimal side effects that can be used with a low-cost light source.…”

Recent Advances in Photodynamic Imaging and Therapy in Hepatobiliary Malignancies: Clinical and Experimental Aspects

“…In the late 1990s, basic research and preclinical trials for extrahepatic, periductal invasive-type cholangiocarcinoma or large bile duct-origin adenocarcinoma were performed worldwide. In the basic study, certain reports elucidated that cholangiocellular carcinoma was sensitive to cytocidal effects by PDT using porphyrin chemical compounds, although cholangiocarcinoma is not a relatively hypervascular malignancy [22,[47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Pahernik reported that the accumulation of porfimer sodium in the bile wall was significantly increased in comparison with that in surrounding peripancreatic organs, such as the gall bladder, pancreas or duodenum, in humans, and the maximum difference duct in the accumulated tissue concentration of PS between 24 and 48 h after administration was over twice that between normal tissue and cancer [48].…”

Selective delivery of laser energy to ester bonds of triacylglycerol in lipid droplets of adipocyte using a quantum cascade laser

“…The stained cells were imaged using a color MC120HD complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) (Leica microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany) camera through a 10 × objective using a DMi1 (Leica microsystems) inverted microscope. An apoptotic/necrotic cells detection kit (PromoCell, Heidelberg, Germany) was employed to determine the damage characteristic according to the type of cell death [26]. The fluorescences of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) and ethidium homodimer III were observed through a 20 × objective using an inverted microscope (IX81, Olympus).…”