Photodynamic therapy stimulates IL-6 and IL-8 in responding patients with HPV infection associated or not with LSIL

Elimination of Human Papillomavirus and Cervical Pathological Microbiota with Photodynamic Therapy in Women from Mexico City with Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia I

“…We observed that in the population studied HPV typing was very varied, including the most common types 16,18,31,59, 58, 51, 52, 32 and 33, agree with other works (35)(36)(37), these results demonstrate the diversity of HPV types in the Mexican population. Moreover, we found that viral types associated with CIN I that not responded to PDT were low risk.…”

“…In the HPV group, 54.5% of the women displayed inflammation and 27.2% bacterial vaginosis. Inflammation during CIN I and HPV infection could be associated with IL-8, which has been augmented in these processes; furthermore, IL-8 increases after the application of PDT, being higher in patients who had a complete response (31).…”

“…Moreover, the photodynamic effect on C. trachomatis infection in vitro was observed independently of proinflammatory cytokines (47). Moreover, the elimination of HPV by PDT induces the increase of proinflammatory cytokines (IL‐6 and IL‐8) (31), suggesting that the elimination of HPV through this treatment could be associated with the stimulation of the immune system, in addition to the production of bacteriocins, lactic acid and hydrogen peroxide by L. iners (48). C. albicans is responsible for opportunistic mycosis and has an incidence of 24.8% in the immunocompromised population (49).…”

Evaluation of Photodynamic Therapy as a New Therapeutic Approach Using Quinizarin-Loaded Nanocapsules: In Vitro Cytotoxicity, Permeation in 3D Bioprinted Skin Equivalent and In Vitro Cytokines Modulation

“…Once the inflammatory process is triggered in vitro, inflammatory mediators initiate the production of cytokines, which play key roles in the inflammatory response [51]. Previous studies have analyzed the action of PDT as a therapeutic method through the production of cytokines, observing an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-6 and MCP1), highlighting that the action of PDT has three phases: generation of ROS; expression of local endothelial damage and the mechanisms of the disease, so patients who responded to PDT had their levels of proinflammatory cytokines increased, as a response to the inflammatory process [52][53][54]. Also, in comparison with PDT and LED therapy, PDT proved to be more effective in reducing cytokine expression 24 hours after irradiation, when compared to the action of LED alone (therapeutic LED effect) [55,56].…”