Photodynamic Therapy Review: Principles, Photosensitizers, Applications, and Future Directions

Correia, J. H.; Rodrigues, José Guilherme Lança; Pimenta, Sara; Dong, Tao; Yang, Zhaochu

doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13091332

Cited by 411 publications

(357 citation statements)

References 76 publications

(138 reference statements)

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“…treatment which include less invasiveness, minimum induced side effects, tumor selectivity due to the preferential accumulation of PSs and targeted light irradiation of tumor lesions, repetition of treatment several times without inducing resistance in cancer cells, no scar formation after healing, cost effectiveness. However, like any other therapy, PDT also suffers from the limitations such as PS targetability, delivery and accumulation in tumor mass, skin photosensitivity, not applicable for metastatic cancers, ineffective for large or deepseated tumors due to the inadequate penetration of light in tissues, and decreased PDT efficacy under tumor hypoxia conditions, all of which hampers the overall therapeutic outcome (Correia et al, 2021;Gunaydin et al, 2021).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and applications of metal nanoparticle- enhanced singlet oxygen generation for improved cancer photodynamic therapy

et al. 2022

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The introduction of nanotechnology in the field of Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) has proven to have great potential to overcome some of the challenges associated with traditional organic photosensitizers (PS) with respect to their solubility, drug delivery, distribution and site-specific targeting. Other focused areas in PDT involve high singlet oxygen production capability and excitability of PS by deep tissue penetrating light wavelengths. Owing to their very promising optical and surface plasmon resonance properties, combination of traditional PSs with plasmonic metallic nanoparticles like gold and silver nanoparticles results in remarkably high singlet oxygen production and extended excitation property from visible and near-infrared lights. This review summarizes the importance, fundamentals and applications of on plasmonic metallic nanoparticles in PDT. Lastly, we highlight the future prospects of these plasmonic nanoengineering strategies with or without PS combination, to have a significant impact in improving the therapeutic efficacy of cancer PDT.

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Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Fundamentals and applications of metal nanoparticle- enhanced singlet oxygen generation for improved cancer photodynamic therapy

et al. 2022

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“…Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses photosensitizers (PSs) under the irradiation of specific wavelengths of light to convert oxygen into reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby inducing cell apoptosis. PDT therapy has been widely used to treat diseases with abnormal cell proliferation, such as cancer [ 89 ]. Similar to PTT treatment, PDT can minimize collateral damage to other tissues through controlled illumination and the distribution of photosensitive materials.…”

Section: The Main Types Of Iols Used For Pco Prophylaxismentioning

confidence: 99%

Research Progress Concerning a Novel Intraocular Lens for the Prevention of Posterior Capsular Opacification

Zhang

Zhang²,

Chen³

et al. 2022

Pharmaceutics

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Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common complication resulting from cataract surgery and limits the long-term postoperative visual outcome. Using Nd:YAG laser-assisted posterior capsulotomy for the clinical treatment of symptomatic PCO increases the risks of complications, such as glaucoma, retinal diseases, uveitis, and intraocular lens (IOL) pitting. Therefore, finding how to prevent PCO development is the subject of active investigations. As a replacement organ, the IOL is implanted into the lens capsule after cataract surgery, but it is also associated with the occurrence of PCO. Using IOL as a medium for PCO prophylaxis is a more facile and efficient method that has demonstrated various clinical application prospects. Thus, scientists have conducted a lot of research on new intraocular lens fabrication methods, such as optimizing IOL materials and design, and IOL surface modification (including plasma/ultraviolet/ozone treatment, chemical grafting, drug loading, coating modification, and layer-by-layer self-assembly methods). This paper summarizes the research progress for different types of intraocular lenses prepared by different surface modifications, including anti-biofouling IOLs, enhanced-adhesion IOLs, micro-patterned IOLs, photothermal IOLs, photodynamic IOLs, and drug-loading IOLs. These modified intraocular lenses inhibit PCO development by reducing the residual intraoperative lens epithelial cells or by regulating the cellular behavior of lens epithelial cells. In the future, more works are needed to improve the biosecurity and therapeutic efficacy of these modified IOLs.

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“…Thus, it is of profound significance for human health to explore highly effective and active therapeutic approaches for cancer. With the advent of PDT, approaches for treating tumors have been further expanded [ 5 – 8 ]. PDT has undergone a long period of development since the specific cytotoxic effects of combining acridine dyes with light to lead to tumor ablation were demonstrated in 1900 [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy in cancer: from chemical to clinical

et al. 2022

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Cancer remains a serious threat to human health owing to the lack of effective treatments. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising non-invasive cancer treatment that consists of three main elements: photosensitizers (PSs), light and oxygen. However, some traditional PSs are prone to aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ), leading to reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation capacity. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-PSs, due to their distorted structure, suppress the strong molecular interactions, making them more photosensitive in the aggregated state instead. Activated by light, they can efficiently produce ROS and induce cell death. PS is one of the core factors of efficient PDT, so proceeding from the design and preparation of AIE-PSs, including how to manipulate the electron donor (D) and receptor (A) in the PSs configuration, introduce heavy atoms or metal complexes, design of Type I AIE-PSs, polymerization-enhanced photosensitization and nano-engineering approaches. Then, the preclinical experiments of AIE-PSs in treating different types of tumors, such as ovarian cancer, cervical cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer, and its great potential clinical applications are discussed. In addition, some perspectives on the further development of AIE-PSs are presented. This review hopes to stimulate the interest of researchers in different fields such as chemistry, materials science, biology, and medicine, and promote the clinical translation of AIE-PSs. Graphical Abstract

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Photodynamic Therapy Review: Principles, Photosensitizers, Applications, and Future Directions

Cited by 411 publications

References 76 publications

Fundamentals and applications of metal nanoparticle- enhanced singlet oxygen generation for improved cancer photodynamic therapy

Fundamentals and applications of metal nanoparticle- enhanced singlet oxygen generation for improved cancer photodynamic therapy

Research Progress Concerning a Novel Intraocular Lens for the Prevention of Posterior Capsular Opacification

Aggregation-induced emission photosensitizer-based photodynamic therapy in cancer: from chemical to clinical

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