Photodynamic therapy: Inception to application in breast cancer

Banerjee, S.; MacRobert, Alexander J.; Mosse, Charles A.; Periera, B.; Bown, Stephen G.; Keshtgar, Mohammed

doi:10.1016/j.breast.2016.09.016

Cited by 141 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 88 publications

(105 reference statements)

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“…Related to cancer treatment, PS approved or in clinical trial are listed on Table 1. In particular, Porfimer sodium (Photofrin), mTHPC (Foscan), NPe6 (Laserphyrin), SnEt2 (Purlytin), Visudyne (Veteporfin) and Motexafin lutetium (LuTex) are clinically or preclinically applied for breast cancer [19][20][21] . These photosensitizers have shown selectivity towards tumor cells and are ideal for cellular and vascular-targeted PDT.…”

Section: Photosensitizers and Photocytotoxicity Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review

Santos¹,

Almeida²,

Terra³

et al. 2019

JCMT

314

327

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Cancer remains a worldwide health problem, being the disease with the highest impact on global health. Even with all the recent technological improvements, recurrence and metastasis still are the main cause of death. Since photodynamic therapy (PDT) does not compromise other treatment options and presents reduced long-term morbidity when compared with chemotherapy or radiotherapy, it appears as a promising alternative treatment for controlling malignant diseases. In this review, we set out to perform a broad up-date on PDT in cancer research and treatment, discussing how this approach has been applied and what it could add to breast cancer therapy. We covered topics going from the photochemical mechanisms involved, the different cell death mechanisms being triggered by a myriad of photosensitizers up to the more recent-on-going clinical trials.Metastatic lesions are usually multiple and resistant to conventional therapies, jeopardizing successful surgical resection, chemo and radiation treatment [4] .Light has been known to provide a therapeutic potential for several thousands of years. Over 3000 years ago, since the Ancient, Indian and Chinese civilizations it has been used for the treatment of various diseases [5] mainly in combination with reactive chemicals, for example to treat conditions like vitiligo, psoriasis and skin cancer [6] . After 1895 with the discovery of the phototherapy, which rendered Niels Ryberg Finsen the Nobel prize in Physiology/Medicine in 1903 in recognition of his work on the treatment of diseases, and in particular on the treatment of lupus vulgaris by means of concentrated light rays, many studies with the use of light and chemicals emerged [7] .Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently being used as an alternative treatment for the control of malignant diseases [8][9][10] . It is based in the uptake of a photosensitizer (PS) molecule which, upon being excited by light in a determined wavelength, reacts with oxygen and generates oxidant species (radicals, singlet oxygen, triplet species) in target tissues, leading to cell death [11,12] . PDT cytotoxic properties have been established to be due to the oxidation of a large range of biomolecules in cells, including nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, leading to severe alteration in cell signaling cascades or in gene expression regulation [13,14] . Like all the newly proposed treatments, there is still place for improvements and lots of resources have been invested in this field recently. In this review, we set out to perform a broad up-date on PDT and it implication in cancer research and treatment. We have covered topics going from the photochemical mechanisms involved, the different cell death mechanisms being triggered by a myriad of photosensitizers up to the more recent reported preclinical studies and on-going clinical trials. PHOTOCHEMICAL PRINCIPLES AND COMPONENTS OF PDTAs previously stated, PDT involves the photosensitized oxidation of biomolecules which can be separated in two mechanisms. In Type I, light energy passes from exc...

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Section: Photosensitizers and Photocytotoxicity Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review

Santos¹,

Almeida²,

Terra³

et al. 2019

JCMT

314

327

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For primary breast cancers, preclinical PDT data have been promising. In some in vitro and in vivo studies, PDT has been combined with radiation, chemotherapy, immune‐modulating agents, and receptor‐targeted agents, with synergistic effects . Animal models suggest that PDT may be effective for spinal metastases .…”

Section: Efficacy For Solid Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some in vitro and in vivo studies, PDT has been combined with radiation, chemotherapy, immune-modulating agents, and receptor-targeted agents, with synergistic effects. 70,71 Animal models suggest that PDT may be effective for spinal metastases. 72 A Phase I/IIa clinical trial for PDT in primary breast cancer was completed in 2017, though no study results have yet been posted.…”

Section: Breast Tumorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic therapy for solid tumors: A review of the literature

Yanovsky

Bartenstein

Rogers

et al. 2019

Photoderm Photoimm Photomed

160

102

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes a sensitizer agent and light to produce selective cell death. Dermatologists are familiar with PDT for the treatment of actinic keratoses and early nonmelanoma skin cancers, and recent studies have elucidated that PDT has resulted in improved morbidity and secondary outcomes for the treatment of various cancerous and precancerous solid tumors. Light source and dosimetry may be modified to selectively target tissue, and novel techniques such as fractionation, metronomic pulsation, continuous light delivery, and chemophototherapy are under investigation for further optimization of therapy. This article aims to review the expanding indications for PDT and demonstrate the potential of this modality to decrease morbidity and increase quality of life for patients. To illustrate these new indications, we provide a focused review of the latest literature on PDT for dermatologic and other solid tumors including gastrointestinal, peritoneal, lung, genitourinary, brain, breast, and head and neck. Data on efficacy, survival, and side effects vary across tumor types but support PDT for the treatment of numerous solid tumors. With new advances in PDT, indications for this therapeutic modality may expand.

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“…14,58,59 It is now well known that many tumors exploit low-level NO to avoid apoptosis; stimulate growth and migration; and resist radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and PDT. 1–12,16–18 The NO can derive from tumor cells themselves, but surrounding vascular cells (endothelium, macrophages) can contribute.…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Hyperaggressiveness of Tumor Cells that Survive a Photodynamic Therapy Challenge

Girotti

2016

Crit Rev Oncog

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Many malignant tumors exploit nitric oxide (NO) for a survival, growth, and migration/invasion advantage, and also to withstand the cytotoxic effects of chemo- and radiotherapies. Endogenous NO has also been shown to antagonize photodynamic therapy (PDT), a unique minimally invasive modality involving a photosensitizing (PS) agent, PS-exciting light in the visible- to near-infrared range, and molecular oxygen. The anti-PDT effects of NO were discovered about 20 years ago, but the underlying mechanisms are still not fully understood. More recent studies in the author’s laboratory using breast, prostate, and brain cancer cell lines have shown that inducible NO synthase (iNOS/NOS2) is dramatically upregulated after a PDT challenge using 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA-) –induced protoporphyrin IX as the PS. The parallel increase in NO resulted not only in a greater resistance to cell killing but also in a striking increase in the growth and migration/invasion rate of surviving cells. These in vitro findings and their recent recapitulation at the in vivo level are discussed in this article, along with how iNOS/NO’s negative effects on PDT can be attenuated by the use of select iNOS inhibitors as PDT adjuvants.

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Photodynamic therapy: Inception to application in breast cancer

Cited by 141 publications

References 88 publications

Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review

Photodynamic therapy in cancer treatment - an update review

Photodynamic therapy for solid tumors: A review of the literature

Role of Endogenous Nitric Oxide in Hyperaggressiveness of Tumor Cells that Survive a Photodynamic Therapy Challenge

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