Photodynamic therapy in women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia using topically applied 5-aminolevulinic acid

Photodynamic therapy of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia with hexaminolevulinate

“…In 1999, Hillemanns et al [16] could show a significant reduction in the size of CIN lesions after PDT with 5-ALA but no eradication of the entirely lesion. Keefe et al published remission rates of 51%, 46%, and 31% after at 4, 8, and 12 months after PDT with 5-ALA for CIN 2 and 3 lesions [25].…”

“…However, several studies examining the possible therapeutic use of ALA-based PDT for CIN reported equivocal results [16][17][18][19]. Hexaminolevulinate (HAL) is an esterified derivate of 5-ALA with increased lipophilicity that has recently gained marketing authorization in Europe for the photodetection of superficial bladder cancer [20].…”

Thermosetting Gel for the Delivery of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Esters to the Cervix

“…On the other hand, other studies did not find any significant improvement following treatment. [21][22][23] These results are most likely explained by differences in patient selection, drug dose and drug delivery devices, presumably resulting in considerable differences with respect to porphyrin production. In contrast to most other indications in which PDT is used, selective accumulation within the (pre)-neoplastic tissue is probably not of primary importance in CIN.…”

Time‐dependent hexaminolaevulinate induced protoporphyrin IX distribution after topical application in patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: A fluorescence microscopy study

“…The specific ''high-risk'' subtypes of HPV (subtypes: 16,18,45,56) have been found to predominate in high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN II and III) and invasive carcinoma [1,2]. It is important to improve the detection and minimally invasive treatment of these precancerous lesions for several reasons.…”

“…Several preliminary studies have examined the possibility of using ALA-based PDT for treating both vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN) [14] and CIN [15][16][17]. It appears that no significant difference was noted between PDT and surgical excision in cases of VIN or large loop cold knife conization in cases of CIN.…”