Photodynamic therapy evaluation of methoxypolyethyleneglycol-thiol-SPIONs-gold-meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin conjugate against breast cancer cells

Fakayode, Olayemi J.; Kruger, Cherie Ann; Songca, Sandile P.; Abrahamse, Heidi; Oluwafemi, Oluwatobi S.

doi:10.1016/j.msec.2018.07.026

Cited by 34 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Moreover, NP drug delivery systems can be up-converted and so provide a supplementary advantage by converting low energy radiation to high-energy emission, thereby further facilitating the PDT destruction process in deep-seated tumours [ 5 , 14 , 21 ]. Likewise, biocompatible functionalised magnetic NPs, such as superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs), allow for concentrated PS drug delivery to invasive tumour sites, by utilising an external magnetic driving field force, which when applied directly above a tumour site causes magnetic NPs to aggregate and so rapidly intensifies PS uptake in this target region (i.e., physical targeting) [ 32 , 38 ]. Moreover, studies by Dang et al (2017), have noted the use of manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ) or perfluorocarbon (PFC) NPs to overcome the limitation of hypoxia against PDT, since they increase the oxygen levels in a TME when they decompose and so promote higher levels of ROS generation in target tumour sites, effectively enhancing PDT induced cell death [ 39 ].…”

Section: Nanoparticle Platforms For Active or Passive Photosensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, this PDT mechanism of specific PS tumour vascular drug targeting remains debated, as some researchers argue that by excessively decreasing the vascular permeability of a tumour and its stroma, that this in turn sometimes causes hypoxia and decreased PS drug delivery [ 32 , 43 ]. It is better to account for enhanced tumour migration and metastasis, as well as PS drug resistance [ 43 ].…”

Section: Functionalised Nanoparticles For Effective and Active Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is better to account for enhanced tumour migration and metastasis, as well as PS drug resistance [ 43 ]. Therefore, TME NPPS drug targeting strategies need to be carefully designed, as to ensure tumour-inhibitory functions are targeted and not tumour-promoting functions [ 32 ]. Moreover, researchers tend to rather recommend using NPPS drug tumour direct cell targeting strategies in combination with TME and vascular drug targeting in order to ensure effective tumour destruction and enhanced PDT outcomes [ 4 , 43 ].…”

Section: Functionalised Nanoparticles For Effective and Active Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) are a preferred class of targeting molecules for tumour cell receptor sites in order to enhance active and specific nano-PS drug delivery and so improve the cytotoxicity of PDT [ 32 ]. Some of the FDA approved mAb for targeted drug delivery in cancer cells include; Rituximab for the treatment of B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, Trastuzumab for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expressing breast cancer, Bevacizumab for the treatment of vascular VEGFR expressing colorectal cancer, Cetuximab for the treatment of EGFR expressing colorectal cancer and head/neck cancer [ 4 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 ].…”

Section: Functionalised Nanoparticles For Effective and Active Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Utilisation of Targeted Nanoparticle Photosensitiser Drug Delivery Systems for the Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy

Kruger

Abrahamse

2018

Molecules

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The cancer incidence world-wide has caused an increase in the demand for effective forms of treatment. One unconventional form of treatment for cancer is photodynamic therapy (PDT). PDT has 3 fundamental factors, namely a photosensitiser (PS) drug, light and oxygen. When a PS drug is administered to a patient, it can either passively or actively accumulate within a tumour site and once exposed to a specific wavelength of light, it is excited to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in tumour destruction. However, the efficacy of ROS generation for tumour damage is highly dependent on the uptake of the PS in tumour cells. Thus, PS selective/targeted uptake and delivery in tumour cells is a crucial factor in PDT cancer drug absorption studies. Generally, within non-targeted drug delivery mechanisms, only minor amounts of PS are able to passively accumulate in tumour sites (due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect) and the remainder distributes into healthy tissues, causing unwanted side effects and poor treatment prognosis. Thus, to improve the efficacy of PDT cancer treatment, research is currently focused on the development of specific receptor-based PS-nanocarrier platform drugs, which promote the active uptake and absorption of PS drugs in tumour sites only, avoiding unwanted side effects, as well as treatment enhancement. Therefore, the aim of this review paper is to focus on current actively targeted or passively delivered PS nanoparticle drug delivery systems, that have been previously investigated for the PDT treatment of cancer and so to deduce their overall efficacy and recent advancements.

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Section: Nanoparticle Platforms For Active or Passive Photosensitimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functionalised Nanoparticles For Effective and Active Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functionalised Nanoparticles For Effective and Active Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functionalised Nanoparticles For Effective and Active Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Utilisation of Targeted Nanoparticle Photosensitiser Drug Delivery Systems for the Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy

Kruger

Abrahamse

2018

Molecules

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“…The use of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION)—porphyrin conjugates has allowed for directional light-application during PDT due to the ability of SPIONs to attract cancer cells via the magnification properties of the SPION. Our group [27] reported on the use of methoxypolyethyleneglycol-thiol-SPIONs-gold-meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin conjugate (nano-drug) as magnetic field enhancer for PDT. The results showed that the nano-drug exhibited high photo-toxicity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cells in the presence of light (10 J/cm 2 at 673 nm) after exposure for 14 min 51 s. However, when the cells were exposed to an external magnetic field, higher cellular uptake and greater photo-toxicity than the non-exposed cells were observed, suggesting that magnetic targeted PDT is a better treatment modality than non-magnetic field-driven PDT.…”

Section: Therapeutic Role Of Porphyrinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Porphyrin as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent

2019

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The synthesis and application of porphyrins has seen a huge shift towards research in porphyrin bio-molecular based systems in the past decade. The preferential localization of porphyrins in tumors, as well as their ability to generate reactive singlet oxygen and low dark toxicities has resulted in their use in therapeutic applications such as photodynamic therapy. However, their inherent lack of bio-distribution due to water insolubility has shifted research into porphyrin-nanomaterial conjugated systems to address this challenge. This has broadened their bio-applications, viz. bio-sensors, fluorescence tracking, in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging to photo-immuno-therapy just to highlight a few. This paper reviews the unique theranostic role of porphyrins in disease diagnosis and therapy. The review highlights porphyrin conjugated systems and their applications. The review ends by bringing current challenges and future perspectives of porphyrin based conjugated systems and their respective applications into light.

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Electrocatalytic oxidation of pyrrole on a quasi‐reversible silver nanodumbbell particle surface for supramolecular porphyrin production

Fakayode,

Mohlala,

Ratshiedana

et al. 2024

ChemistryOpen

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Photoactive supramolecular porphyrin assemblies are attractive molecules for light‐harvesting applications. This is due to their relatively non‐toxicity, biological activities and charge and energy exchange characteristics. However, the extreme cost associated with their synthesis and requirements for toxic organic solvents during purification pose a challenge to the sustainability characteristics of their applications. This work presents the first report on the sustainable synthesis, spectroscopic and photophysical characterizations of a near‐infrared (NIR) absorbing Ca(II)‐meso‐tetrakis (4‐hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin using an electrolyzed pyrrole solution. The latter was obtained by cycling the pyrrole solution across the silver nanodumbbell particle surface at room temperature. The electrolyzed solution condensed readily with acidified p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, producing the targeted purple porphyrin. The non‐electrolyzed pyrrole solution formed a green substance with significantly different optical properties. Remarkable differences were observed in the voltammograms of the silver nanodumbbell particles and those of the conventional gold electrode during the pyrrole cycling, suggesting different routes of porphyrin formation. The rationale behind these formations and the associated mechanisms were extensively discussed. Metalation with aqueous Ca2+ ion caused a Stokes shift of 38.75 eV. The current study shows the advantage of the electrochemical method towards obtaining sustainable light‐harvesting porphyrin at room temperature without the need for high‐energy‐dependent conventional processes.

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Photodynamic therapy evaluation of methoxypolyethyleneglycol-thiol-SPIONs-gold-meso-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)porphyrin conjugate against breast cancer cells

Cited by 34 publications

References 41 publications

Utilisation of Targeted Nanoparticle Photosensitiser Drug Delivery Systems for the Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy

Utilisation of Targeted Nanoparticle Photosensitiser Drug Delivery Systems for the Enhancement of Photodynamic Therapy

Porphyrin as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Agent

Electrocatalytic oxidation of pyrrole on a quasi‐reversible silver nanodumbbell particle surface for supramolecular porphyrin production

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