Photodynamic and photobiological effects of light-emitting diode (LED) therapy in dermatological disease: an update

Abstract

Benefit deriving from the use of light is known since ancient time, but, only in the last decades of twentieth century, we witnessed the rapid expansion of knowledge and techniques. Light-emitted diode (LED)-based devices represent the emerging and safest tool for the treatment of many conditions such as skin inflammatory conditions, aging, and disorders linked to hair growth. The present work reviews the current knowledge about LED-based therapeutic approaches in different skin and hair disorders. LED therapy represents the emerging and safest tool for the treatment of many conditions such as skin inflammatory conditions, aging, and disorders linked to hair growth. The use of LED in the treatment of such conditions has now entered common practice among dermatologists. Additional controlled studies are still needed to corroborate the efficacy of such kind of treatment.

Safety of light emitting diode‐red light on human skin: Two randomized controlled trials

“…Therefore, in STARS 1, HF-LED-RL at 320 J/cm 2 was the highest fluence to not elicit a dose-limiting AE and was deemed to be safe for all skin types, regardless of race and ethnicity. 3.3 | Non-Hispanic Caucasian subjects have a higher maximum tolerated dose of 480 J/cm 2 We then sought to determine the MTD exclusively in non-Hispanic Caucasian individuals, since this population may be less photosensitive to HF-LED-RL than skin of color patients based on established clinical practice for visible light delivered by laser therapy [37]. In STARS 2, all subjects in group 1 (480 J/cm 2 ) completed the treatment period without the occurrence of a dose-limiting AE.…”

“…low-level light therapy, phototherapy, randomized controlled trial, skin pigmentation 1 | INTRODUCTION Medical light emitting diode (LED) technology has evolved rapidly since its introduction in the 1990s, paralleling increased research interest in photobiomodulation and patient demand for noninvasive treatment options [1,2]. LEDs are of increasing importance as a therapeutic modality in medical and cosmetic dermatology, as different wavelengths can alter skin physiology to provide beneficial cutaneous effects [1,[3][4][5].…”

“…Furthermore, LED-RL is not associated with ultraviolet (UV)-related side effects including sunburn, premature photoaging and DNA damage associated with increased risk of skin cancer [9,[23][24][25][26]. The peak power output (power density) of LEDs is significantly lower than lasers, resulting in slower delivery of the same wavelengths of light and less potential harm to the skin [2,27].…”

Designing the Uniform Stochastic Photomatrix Therapeutic Systems

“…In modern medical practice, phototherapy methods, including those based on superbright LEDs, have taken a strong place among the techniques of system-wide exposure to the human body [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In general, the basic principle of photobiological exposure is that a pronounced photoactivation [19][20][21][22][23][24]. In general, the basic principle of photobiological exposure is that a pronounced photoactivation occurs at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels in the bio-object.…”

“…As a result, the use of stochastic photomatrix systems based on the technology of uniform twisting generation of random variables significantly expands the possibilities of their medical application.Algorithms 2020, 13, 41 2 of 21 occurs at the molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, and systemic levels in the bio-object. The main effects of phototherapy should be considered a systemic improvement in metabolism, as well as the normalization of blood flow components, for example, blood viscosity, microcirculation and rheology parameters, immunologic responses, and secondary regenerative processes, among others [21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. As a result, expressed therapeutic effects are achieved, such as biostimulatory, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and decongestant effects, and many others.Several typical medical PMTS are presented in Figure 1.…”