Photodynamic activity of a glucoconjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine on human colon adenocarcinoma

The purpose of this review is to compile preclinical and clinical results on phthalocyanines (Pcs) as photosensitizers (PS) for Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and contrast agents for fluorescence imaging. Indeed, Pcs are excellent candidates in these fields due to their strong absorbance in the NIR region and high chemical and photo-stability. In particular, this is mostly relevant for their in vivo activation in deeper tissular regions. However, most Pcs present two major limitations, i.e., a strong tendency to aggregate and a low water-solubility. In order to overcome these issues, both chemical tuning and pharmaceutical formulation combined with tumor targeting strategies were applied. These aspects will be developed in this review for the most extensively studied Pcs during the last 25 years, i.e., aluminium-, zinc- and silicon-based Pcs.

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“…Another promising approach used by the same group is the glucoconjugation of SiPcs [ 190 , 199 ]. In their report, Chan et al .…”

Section: Phthalocyaninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In their report, Chan et al . [ 199 ] reported IC 50 values as low as 6 nM on the same cell lines and could “retard tumor growth” in the same animal model.…”

Section: Phthalocyaninesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Like a Bolt from the Blue: Phthalocyanines in Biomedical Optics

et al. 2011

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“…Several studies have demonstrated that Caspase-3, Bcl-2 family proteins, and mitochondria are involved in phthalocyanines-PDT-induced apoptosis of cancer cells [18][19][20][21][22]. Our previous study has showed that Bcl-2 is involved in T PcZn-PDT-induced apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Once activated, Caspase-8 cleaves and activates downstream effector Caspase-3, whose cleavage leads to the morphological and functional changes associated with apoptosis [17]. Nowadays, Caspase-8 and Caspase-3 have been documented to play a crucial regulatory role in phthalocyanines-PDT-induced apoptosis of cancer cells [18][19][20][21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Membrane potential (also transmembrane potential or membrane voltage) is the difference in electrical potential between the interior and the exterior of a biological cell. Accumulated evidences have demonstrated that release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria and reduction of mitochondrial membrane potential appear to be key events in phthalocyanines-PDT-induced apoptosis of cancer cells [19,20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Autoregulatory Feedback Mechanism of P38MAPK/Caspase-8 in Photodynamic Therapy-Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) Phthalocyanine Zinc-Induced Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bel-7402 Cells

Wang

Xia

Chen

et al. 2014

International Journal of Photoenergy

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Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a novel and promising antitumor treatment. Our previous study showed that hydrophilic/lipophilic tetra--(4-carboxyphenoxy) phthalocyanine zinc-(T PcZn-) mediated PDT (T PcZn-PDT) inhibits the proliferation of human hepatocellular carcinoma Bel-7402 cells by triggering apoptosis and arresting cell cycle. However, mechanisms of T PcZn-PDTinduced apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells have not been fully clarified. In the present study, therefore, effect of T PcZn-PDT on apoptosis, P38MAPK, p-P38MAPK, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bid, Cytochrome c, and mitochondria membrane potential in Bel-7402 cells without or with P38MAPK inhibitor SB203580 or Caspase-8 inhibitor Ac-IEFD-CHO was investigated by haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining assay, flow cytometry analysis of annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) double staining cells and 5,5 ,6,6tetrachloro-1,1 ,3,3 -tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1), and immunoblot assay. We found that T PcZn-PDT resulted in apoptosis induction, activation of P38MAPK, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, and Bid, downregulation of Bcl-2, release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in T PcZn-PDT-treated Bel-7402 cells. In contrast, SB203580 or Ac-IEFD-CHO attenuated induction of apoptosis, activation of P38MAPK, Caspase-8, Caspase-3, and Bid, downregulation of Bcl-2, release of Cytochrome c from mitochondria, and disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential in T PcZn-PDT-treated Bel-7402 cells. Taken together, we conclude that Caspase-3, Bcl-2, Bid, and mitochondria are involved in autoregulatory feedback of P38MAPK/Caspase-8 during T PcZn-PDT-induced apoptosis of Bel-7402 cells.

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Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Molecular Materials

Bian

Jiang

2015

Structure and Bonding

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Photodynamic activity of a glucoconjugated silicon(IV) phthalocyanine on human colon adenocarcinoma

Cited by 12 publications

References 34 publications

Like a Bolt from the Blue: Phthalocyanines in Biomedical Optics

Like a Bolt from the Blue: Phthalocyanines in Biomedical Optics

Autoregulatory Feedback Mechanism of P38MAPK/Caspase-8 in Photodynamic Therapy-Hydrophilic/Lipophilic Tetra-α-(4-carboxyphenoxy) Phthalocyanine Zinc-Induced Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Bel-7402 Cells

Recent Advances in Phthalocyanine-Based Functional Molecular Materials

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