“…The hydroxyl radical (˙OH) acts as a strong oxidizing agent assigned by standard oxidation potential (E o ) as much as 2.8 V, that is higher than other oxidants such as ozone (E o = 2.0 V) and H2O2 (E o = 1.8 V) (Fujishima et al, 2000). The high strength of the hydroxyl radicals (˙OH) can induce Pb 2+ oxidation (Tanaka et al, 1986;Chen and Ray, 2001;Wahyuni et al, 2015), as illustrated by reaction (3), as well as degrade a large number of organic compounds (Reza et al, 2017;Ajmal et al, 2014;Dariani et al, 2016;Zuo et al, 2014;Gautam et al, 2016;Shukla et al, 2009;Choquette-Labbé et al, 2014;Grabowska et al, 2012;Turki et al, 2015) effectively. However, due to the heterogeneous system, the photocatalysis process faces light entering inhibition when large dose of the TiO2 powder is used (Reza et al, 2017;Dariani et al, 2016;Gautam et al, 2016), leading to the less effective photooxidation.…”