Photodegradation of Famotidine by Integrated Photocatalytic Adsorbent (IPCA) and Kinetic Study

Abstract

Integrated photocatalytic adsorbents (IPCAs) comprised of nanocrystalline titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and activated carbon (AC) were prepared using an ultrasonic impregnation technique. The IPCAs were characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and were employed as catalysts for the photodegradation of famotidine-an active pharmaceutical ingredient-in aqueous solutions using illumination from a 125 W medium pressure mercury lamp. The degradation kinetics were found to follow a pseudofirst-order rate law and varying TiO 2 loadings induced different increases in the apparent first-order rate constant of the process. The kinetic behaviour can be described in terms of a modified Langmuir-Hinshelwood (LH) model. The IPCA prepared using a 10% TiO 2 to AC loading exhibited the highest rate constant with a K C and k r of 0.0172 L/mg and 0.237 mg/L/min, respectively. The LH model fits the experimental data and elucidates the effect of the TiO 2 content of the IPCA on the degradation rate. The use of calcination (heat treatment) in IPCA preparation and its effect on photocatalytic and adsorption performance were also investigated. The present work demonstrates that the combination of TiO 2 and AC results in a promising material for application in the degradation of organic pollutants.

Nanomaterials for Photocatalytic Degradations of Analgesic, Mucolytic and Anti-Biotic/Viral/Inflammatory Drugs Widely Used in Controlling SARS-CoV-2

“…Calcination (heat treatment) was also examined in the production of IPCA and its influence on photocatalytic and adsorption performance. This study [135] showed that combining TiO 2 with AC produces a promising material for use in organic pollutant degradation.…”

Photodegradation of ibuprofen and four other pharmaceutical pollutants on natural pigments sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles

“…Famotidine is a histamine H2‐receptor antagonist and is extensively used (Karpińska et al, 2010). It is discharged from the pharmaceutical industry and only partially degraded during conventional water treatment (Keane et al, 2011). Though the different natural pigments produced mixed results, Begonia species showed great potential in the application of dye‐sensitized TiO 2 photodegrading of PPCP studies.…”

Mesoporous titanosilicate/reduced graphene oxide composites: layered structure, high surface-to-volume ratio, doping effect and application in dye removal from water

“…[14][15][16][17] By combining TiO 2 , mesoporous silica and graphene, each with its own desirable properties, it is possible to create an integrated photocatalytic adsorbent (IPCA) -an adsorbent material that also degrades toxic organic compounds in the presence of UV irradiation. [18][19][20] Such a material not only preserves all of the interesting characteristics of its individual components, but also overcomes serious drawbacks, such as low adsorptivity, rapid recombination of UV-photogenerated electron-hole pairs and working limitations in the visible light region. These IPCA materials are predicted to improve the removal efficiency of organic pollutants from wastewater.…”