Photocurable Nitric Oxide‐Releasing Copolyester for the 3D Printing of Bioresorbable Vascular Stents

Abstract

The design of bioresorbable vascular stents (BVS) capable of releasing nitric oxide (NO) at the implant site may enable BVS to mimic the antiplatelet, antiproliferative, and pro‐endothelial actions of NO, overcoming complications of BVS such as late thrombosis and restenosis. In this study, the fabrication of BVS composed of methacrylated poly(dodecanediol citrate‐co‐dodecanediol S‐nitroso‐mercaptosuccinate) (mP(DC‐co‐DMSNO)), a novel elastomeric, bioabsorbable, and photocurable copolyester, containing covalently bound S‐nitrosothiol groups in the carbon backbone of the polymer, is reported. The mP(DC‐co‐DMSNO) stents are manufactured via photoinduced 3D printing and allow deployment via a self‐expansion process from a balloon catheter. After deployment, hydration of the stents triggers the release of NO, which is maintained during the slow hydrolysis of the polymer. Real‐time NO release measurements show that by varying the copolyester composition and the strut geometry of the mP(DC‐co‐DMSNO) stents, it is possible to modulate their NO release rate in the range of 30–52 pmol min−1 cm−2. Preliminary biological assays in cell culture show that endothelial cells adhere to the surface of the stents and that NO release favors their endothelization. Thus, mP(DC‐co‐DMSNO) may emerge as a new platform for the fabrication of advanced BVS.

Advances in 3D printing for polymer composites: A review

“…[193][194][195][196] Based on the design of polymer structures combined with 3D printing technology, the development of biomaterials with specific functions, such as bioabsorbable vascular stents with controllable drug release and tissue engineering implants with excellent biocompatibility, is an important technological approach to solving vascular disease complications and promoting tissue regeneration. Oliveira et al 197 synthesized a novel bioabsorbable and photocurable elastomer, poly(methyl acrylate-co-citric dodecanediol-dodecanediol S-nitrosothiol succinate) (mP (DC-co-DMSNO)), by introducing covalently bonded S-nitrosothiol groups into the polymer backbone. They then manufactured mP(DC-co-DMSNO) stents using light-induced 3D printing.…”

Study on the biomechanical properties of 3D printed blended esophageal stents with different structural parameters based on patient CT

“…For example, Farzin et al fabricated of sugar-based stents with ideal geometry and size for facilitating arterial surgical anastomosis by 3D printing [18]. And Matheus et al developed 3D printed bioresorbable nitric oxidereleasing vascular stents [19]. Currently, an increasing number of scholars have begun to use 3D printing technology to develop blend esophageal stents that are more suitable for patients and have excellent mechanical properties [20].…”