Photochromic and electrochromic performances of new types of donor/acceptor systems based on crosslinked polyviologen film and electron donors

Porous Carbons – Hyperbranched Polymers – Polymer Solvation

“…There are a wide range of studies that investigate the production and utilization of activated carbons derived from PET [42][43][44][45][46][47]. The production of activated carbons from blends such as coal/pitch and PET [48,49], as well as the preparation of porous polyester fiber by using supercritical carbon dioxide, have also been studied [50].…”

“…Many strategies have been developed for the preparation of polymers with highly branched structure; in particular, the convenient and cheap one-step polycondensation of AB x monomer has received significant attention [44,45]. Many hb polymers have also been prepared via the A 2 + B 3 synthetic approach [46,47].…”

“…Starting with viologens (fully quaternized 4,4-0 -bipyridines), they can be typically reduced from a dicationic species via a radical cation to a non-charged quinoidic moiety. They can then be arranged within the main chain [41][42][43], but side-chain viologens [44][45][46] or star-like viologens [47,48] are also known. Viologen is poorly conducting, but by stopping the reduction at an intermediate state, mixed-valence assemblies (partially oxidized) can also conduct electrons in the dry state [49,50].…”

Preparation, Characterization of Styrene-Functional Hyperbranched Viologen, and Its Application in Optical Writing and Electrical Erasing Device

“…Viologens (1, 1'-disubstitued-4, 4'-bipyridine salts) with extended π-conjugation, can exhibit excellent photochromic and electrochromic characteristics, excellent fatigue resistance, and good environmental stability (1-3) when they were in their crystalline states (4), dispersed in appropriate aprotic matrixes (5), incorporated polymers by copolymerization, or graft-modified reactions (6)(7)(8)(9). Hyperbranched polymers possess unique structures such as three-dimensional dendritic architecture, globular conformation, amorphous nature, and multi-functionality at end groups, which impart them unique physical and chemical properties such as good solubility, low viscosity, and easily graftmodified (10 out modified and functionalized reaction for hyperbranched polymer such as end capping, terminal grafting, surface growing, hypergrafting, hybrid blending, and so forth.…”