It
is of particular interest to develop new antibacterial agents
with low risk of drug resistance development and low toxicity toward
mammalian cells to combat pathogen infections. Although gaseous signaling
molecules (GSMs) such as nitric oxide (NO) and formaldehyde (FA) have
broad-spectrum antibacterial performance and the low propensity of
drug resistance development, many previous studies heavily focused
on nanocarriers capable of delivering only one GSM. Herein, we developed
a micellar nanoparticle platform that can simultaneously deliver NO
and FA under visible light irradiation. An amphiphilic diblock copolymer
of poly(ethylene oxide)-b-poly(4-((2-nitro-5-(((2-nitrobenzyl)oxy)methoxy)benzyl)(nitroso)amino)benzyl
methacrylate) (PEO-b-PNNBM) was successfully synthesized
through atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The resulting
diblock copolymer self-assembled into micellar nanoparticles without
premature NO and FA leakage, whereas they underwent phototriggered
disassembly with the corelease of NO and FA. We showed that the NO-
and FA-releasing micellar nanoparticles exhibited a combinatorial
antibacterial performance, efficiently killing both Gram-negative
(e.g., Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive
(e.g., Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria
with low toxicity to mammalian cells and low hemolytic property. This
work provides new insights into the development of GSM-based antibacterial
agents.