Photochemically and thermally induced radical promoted cationic polymerization using an allylic sulfonium salt

Denizligil, Selçuk; Yaǧcı, Yusuf; McArdle, Ciarán B.

doi:10.1016/0032-3861(95)97870-l

Cited by 77 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Since Crivello described in his seminal papers [125][126][127] the use of iodonium and sulfonium salts as photoinitiators for cationic polymerization, a variety of new onium salts have been developed (Chart 2). [128][129][130][131][132][133][134] Among them, the onium-type photoinitiators such as iodonium, 125 sulfonium, 127,129 and alkoxypyridinium 128,135,136 salts are important due to their thermal stability, solubility in most of the cationically polymerizable monomers, and efficiency in generating reactive species upon photolysis. 137 Moreover, they possess high photolysis quantum yields and are efficient photoinitiators of cationic polymerization when irradiation is carried out using light in the short-to mid-wavelength UV regions (230-300 nm).…”

Section: Cationic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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The use of photoinitiated polymerization is continuously growing in industry as reflected by the large number of applications in not only conventional areas such as coatings, inks, and adhesives but also high-tech domains, optoelectronics, laser imaging, stereolithography, and nanotechnology. In this Perspective, the latest developments in photoinitiating systems for free radical and cationic polymerizations are presented. The potential use of photochemical methods for step-growth polymerization is also highlighted. The goal is, furthermore, to show approaches to overcome problems associated with the efficiency, wavelength flexibility, and environmental and safety issues in all photoinitiating systems for different modes of activation. Much progress has been made in the past 10 years in the preparation of complex and nanostructured macromolecules by using photoinitiated polymerizations. Thus, the new and emerging applications of photoinitiated polymerizations in the field of biomaterials, surface modification, preparation of block and graft copolymers, and nanocomposites have been addressed.

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Section: Cationic Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

2010

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“…This phenomena may be a result of photoinduced electron transfer. 38,39 During photoinduced electron-transfer process sensitizer plays a role of an electron donor, but iodonium salt acts as an electron acceptor.…”

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New kinetic and mechanistic aspects of photosensitization of iodonium salts in photopolymerization of acrylates

2017

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a 1,3-Bis(p-bromophenylamino)squaraine which functions as an electron-transfer photosensitizer for a wide range of diphenyliodonium salts radical photoinitiators of triacrylate polymerization under UV-blue light irradiation is presented. The functionality of the photosensitizer is determined by the presence of a suitable co-initiator. For this purpose, several different diphenyliodonium salts were used as a source of active species for radical polymerization. The reactivity of the new iodonium salts was studied with ultraviolet-blue light initiated radical polymerization by photo-DSC using squaraine dye as a sensitizer.The iodonium salts functionated as radical initiators bearing different substitution patterns. Electron transfer from the excited state of the sensitizer to the iodonium salt results in initiating radicals. The ability to initiate free radical polymerization of TMPTA by iodonium salts studied is similar. Most of the iodonium salts exhibit no large differences regarding the reactivity in initiation of TMPTA polymerization.However, an introduction of a nitro group in the para position of the phenyl ring of the co-initiator results in a significant increase in the rate of polymerization and degree of monomer conversion. The dye-sensitized photoreaction mechanism of the SQ/I system was also confirmed.

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“…65. Allylsulfonium salts [353], allylpyridinium salts [354], allyloxypyridinium salts [355][356][357], allylanilinium [358] salts and allylphosphonium salts [295] were synthesized and successfully used in combination with thermal radical initiators to polymerize a variety of epoxy monomers. The numerous radical initiators, including AIBN or benzoyl peroxide (BPO), offer flexibility to this initiation strategy.…”

Section: Page 31 Of 163mentioning

confidence: 99%

Control of reactions and network structures of epoxy thermosets

Vidil¹,

Tournilhac²,

Musso

et al. 2016

Progress in Polymer Science

301

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Recent advances in macromolecular chemistry have revolutionized the way we perceive the synthesis of polymers. Polymerization, to be modern, must be "controlled", which usually means capable of producing macromolecules of well-defined structure. The purpose of this review is to examine how the chemistry of epoxy resins, an almost century-old chemistry, is also involved in this movement. Epoxy resins are characterized by both the flexibility of implementation and the qualities of the polymers obtained. Key materials in health-, mobility-and energy related technologies, these resins are heavily present in high-performance composites, electronic boards, adhesives and coatings. Currently, a large number of resins and hardeners are available on the market or described in the literature and an interesting point is that almost any combination of the two is possible. Common to all these recipes and processes is that a liquid (or soluble) resin at some point becomes insoluble and solid. It is very important to know how to manage this transition, physically known as the gel point, as it is the point after which the shape of the object is irreversibly set. Taking into account the variety of epoxy polymerization processespolyaddition, anionic or cationic polymerization-we detail a number of methods to program the occurrence of the gel point and how this type of control affects the structure of the growing network.

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Photochemically and thermally induced radical promoted cationic polymerization using an allylic sulfonium salt

Cited by 77 publications

References 11 publications

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

Photoinitiated Polymerization: Advances, Challenges, and Opportunities

New kinetic and mechanistic aspects of photosensitization of iodonium salts in photopolymerization of acrylates

Control of reactions and network structures of epoxy thermosets

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