Photochemical transformation of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene vapor-deposited on eight coal stack ashes

Yokley, Robert A.; Garrison, Arlene A.; Wehry, Ε. L.; Mamantov, G.

doi:10.1021/es00143a011

Cited by 71 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…It has been known f o r several years t h a t t h e s u s c e p t i b i l i t y of PAHs adsorbed on c o a l f l y ash t o phototransformation i s s t r o n g l y dependent on t h e chemical composition of t h e f l y ash [23,25]. v i r t u a l l y t o t a l l y , whenever t h e PAH i n q u e s t i o n i s sorbed on an a s h t h a t i s r e l a t i v e l y high i n carbon content (> -2% carbon).…”

Section: A Fractionation Of Fly Ash Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…otherwise, the period of illumination was 24 hours. When illuminated, each pyrenecontaining fly ash sample was contained in a quartz cell and a rotary photoreactor design [ [23,24].…”

Section: B Phototransformation Of Pyrene Sorbed On Fly Ash Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, the color of a fly ash is not automatically a dominant factor in determining whether a PAH sorbed on that ash will be susceptible to phototransformation. It has previously been surmised that PAH molecules sorbed on very dark fly ash particles may be "shielded" from incident light if they are able to sorb in pores or other surface irregularities [2,23,24,41]. In that situation?…”

Section: B Phototransformation Of Pyrene Sorbed On Fly Ash Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Sorption and chemical transformation of PAHs on coal fly ash. Final technical report

Mamantov¹,

Wehry²

1995

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Section: A Fractionation Of Fly Ash Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…otherwise, the period of illumination was 24 hours. When illuminated, each pyrenecontaining fly ash sample was contained in a quartz cell and a rotary photoreactor design [ [23,24].…”

Section: B Phototransformation Of Pyrene Sorbed On Fly Ash Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Phototransformation Of Pyrene Sorbed On Fly Ash Fractionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sorption and chemical transformation of PAHs on coal fly ash. Final technical report

Mamantov¹,

Wehry²

1995

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“…A number of experimental studies of photooxidation for PAHs have been conducted by light irradiation in laboratories to investigate the effects on concentration and composition of PAHs (Inscoe, 1964;Thomas et al, 1968;Daisey et al, 1982;Behymer and Hites, 1985;Valerio and Lazzarotto, 1985;Yokley et al, 1986;Behymer and Hites, 1988;Valerio et al, 1990;Sanders et al, 1993). These results revealed that the photooxidation rate varies between PAHs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of photooxidation on .DELTA.13C of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene in the atmosphere.

Tanaka

Sakata

2002

Geochem. J.

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The objective of this study is to clarify the effect of photooxidation on δ 13 C of benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) and benzo(e)pyrene (BeP) in the atmosphere. They are structural isomers but are known to differ significantly in terms of photooxidation rate. The results of literature reviews and measurements revealed that the concentration ratio of BaP and BeP (BaP/BeP) is almost constant independent of the fuel type and emission source (almost constant at 2.1), while δ 13 C values for the two PAHs are almost equal. On the other hand, the results of ultraviolet irradiation experiments indicated that the concentration of BaP was reduced by photooxidation while δ 13 C of the remaining BaP increased due to isotopic fractionation. In contrast, BeP was not photooxidized and there was no change in δ 13 C. These results lead to the expectation that BaP/BeP and the difference in δ 13 C between BaP and BeP (δ 13 C BaP -δ 13 C BeP ) would decrease and increase, respectively, from the corresponding values at the time of emissions (BaP/BeP: ~2.1; δ 13 C BaP -δ 13 C BeP : ~0) with the progress of photooxidation. This anticipated relationship was close to the results observed over Matsue, which is located on the Japan Sea coast, strongly suggesting there is a change in δ 13 C of BaP due to photooxidation. In addition, the observed results revealed that BaP/BeP and δ 13 C BaP -δ 13 C BeP levels during the winter, when photooxidation is less likely to occur compared to the summer, were similar to the levels during the summer. This supports the hypothesis that in winter, BaP emitted in the Asian continent was photooxidized during the long-range transport process before reaching the atmosphere over Matsue.

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“…The pore diameter chosen for both particles is 100 A, which is a fairly good estimate of the size of both a pore in chrysotile asbestos (27) and of a typical pore in a spherical ambient air particle (28 The pore is also assumed to have more of the PAH adsorbed before deposition in water than will be adsorbed in a saturated water solution. The release of the PAH from such a pore can be described in three steps (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Transfer Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons between Micron-Size Particles and Their Environment: Theoretical Estimates

Gerde¹,

Scholander²

1989

Environmental Health Perspectives

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This paper presents a mathematical model of how rapidly polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) adsorb onto initially clean micron-size particles in the ambient air and how fast these substances are likely to be desorbed from the particles after deposition on the surface lining layer of the lung. Results show that, on the one hand, the very low gas-phase concentrations of PAHs in the ambient air should result in a comparatively slow transfer of such compounds to micron-size particles, a process that may last from minutes to hours. On the other hand, the comparatively high solubilities of PAHs in the lining layer of the lung should promote an almost instantaneous release of PAHs onto nonporous particles, and a release within a matter of minutes of most PAHs reversibly adsorbed onto the interior surfaces of porous particles. Two important conclusions can be drawn from this. First, the PAHs in tobacco smoke do not have time enough to interact in the gas phase with other airborne particles before these agents are inhaled into the smoker's lungs. Therefore, adsorption in the gas phase of PAHs onto asbestos fibers can hardly be a characteristic parameter in the mechanism behind the synergistic effect between tobacco smoking and asbestos exposure for the induction of bronchial cancer. Second, the release rate of reversibly adsorbed PAHs from their carrier particles in the lung seems to be so fast that this cannot be a parameter of importance in directly influencing the residence times of such substances in the lung.

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Photochemical transformation of pyrene and benzo[a]pyrene vapor-deposited on eight coal stack ashes

Cited by 71 publications

References 22 publications

Sorption and chemical transformation of PAHs on coal fly ash. Final technical report

Sorption and chemical transformation of PAHs on coal fly ash. Final technical report

Effect of photooxidation on .DELTA.13C of benzo(a)pyrene and benzo(e)pyrene in the atmosphere.

Mass Transfer Rates of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons between Micron-Size Particles and Their Environment: Theoretical Estimates

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