Photochemical reactions between superoxide ions and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in atmospheric aqueous environments

Zhu, Mengyu; Zhao, Yijun; Guo, Zhi; Hu, Yadong; Liu, Ying; Zhu, Chengzhu

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130537

Cited by 19 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The EPM of ANT and 9,10-ANTQ in Figure a,f shows that ANT has the highest electron density in its outer C–C double bonds and that the external rings in 9,10-ANTQ have a relatively higher electron density than the center ring. The higher electron density in the outer C–C double bonds in ANT is attributed to the migrating sextet. , Photochemical reactions with ozone, nitrite, and/or water provide an initial source of atmospheric ROS, e.g., O 2 , OH • , and O 2 •– , which can subsequently oxidize PAH and form more ROS. ,,,,,,, Due to the involvement of ROS reported in previous studies and the significance of Clar’s rule in predicting the reactivity of PAH, the photooxidation of ANT into 9,10-ANTQ can be explained by the proposed reaction schemes in Scheme . In these reactions, an ROS oxidizes ANT at the 9,10 position, which results in the formation of a second π-sextet.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…•− , which can subsequently oxidize PAH and form more ROS. 31,34,38,39,49,50,66,67 Due to the involvement of ROS reported in previous studies and the significance of Clar's rule in predicting the reactivity of PAH, the photooxidation of ANT into 9,10-ANTQ can be explained by the proposed reaction schemes in Scheme 1. In these reactions, an ROS oxidizes ANT at the 9,10 position, which results in the formation of a second π-sextet.…”

Section: Reactivity Of Ant and The Atmospheric Transformation Of Its ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

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Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals from the Irradiation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Sarmiento,

Majestic

2023

J. Phys. Chem. A

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) provide a complex matrix for environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs) to stabilize in particulate matter, allowing them to be transported over long distances in the atmosphere while participating in light-driven reactions and causing various cardiopulmonary diseases. In this study, four PAHs ranging from three to five rings (anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, and benzo[e]pyrene) were investigated for EPFR formation upon photochemical and aqueous-phase aging. Through electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, it was found that approximately 1015 to 1016 spins g–1 of EPFRs were formed from the PAH upon aging. EPR analysis also revealed that carbon-centered and monooxygen-centered radicals were predominantly formed by irradiation. However, oxidation and fused-ring matrices have added complexity to the chemical environment of these carbon-centered radicals, as observed by their g-values. This study showed that atmospheric aging results not only in the transformation of PAH-derived EPFR but also in an increase in EPFR concentrations of up to 1017 spins g–1. Therefore, because of their stability and photosensitivity, PAH-derived EPFRs have a major impact on the environment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Reactivity Of Ant and The Atmospheric Transformation Of Its ...mentioning

confidence: 96%

Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals from the Irradiation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Sarmiento,

Majestic

2023

J. Phys. Chem. A

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“…Its stable chlorine-carbon bond and the position of the chlorine atoms relative to the hydroxyl group may have a direct influence on its carcinogenicity, toxicity, structure, and persistence in the environment where it can damage the ecosystem ecology and threaten marine life if it is ejected into the sea, lake, or river [3]. Thus, the removal of TCP from the environment is a priority [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Progressive Freeze Concentration: Optimization of Trichlorophenol Removal in Wastewater via Response Surface Methodology

Ikhsan

Bakar

Hamizlan

et al. 2023

Advances in Science and Technology

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2,4,6- Trichlorophenol (TCP) is a toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic compound found in the emission from fossil fuel combustion, municipal waste incineration, and water disinfection for domestic usage. TCP has been classified as one of the primary pollutants that should be treated for inland water discharge. This study aims to introduce a new approach to remove the TCP in wastewater through the simple and cost-effective progressive freeze concentration (PFC) method. The effect of coolant temperature and circulation flow rate in the PFC method was investigated, and its effectiveness was characterized by calculating the effective partition constant (K) and the TCP reduction (TR). Optimisation was performed to determine the optimum condition for the TCP removal using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The best circulation flow rate and coolant temperature for the one-variable-at-a-time (OVAT) experiment were found to be 900 rpm and -5 °C. Based on ANOVA, the PFC system was predicted to produce a low K value and high TR with temperature in the range of -4.5 °C to -5 °C and circulation flow rate in the range of 900 rpm to 1000 rpm.

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Solar light and ultrasound-assisted rapid Fenton’s oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol: comparison, optimisation, and mineralisation

Yadav,

Kumar,

Haritash

2023

Rend. Fis. Acc. Lincei

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Photochemical reactions between superoxide ions and 2,4,6-trichlorophenol in atmospheric aqueous environments

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals from the Irradiation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Formation of Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals from the Irradiation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Progressive Freeze Concentration: Optimization of Trichlorophenol Removal in Wastewater via Response Surface Methodology

Solar light and ultrasound-assisted rapid Fenton’s oxidation of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol: comparison, optimisation, and mineralisation

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