Photochemical fabrication of three-dimensional micro- and nano-structured surfaces from a C60 monoadduct

Iqbal, Parvez; Sun, Shuqing; Hanwell, Marcus D.; Attwood, David; Leggett, Graham J.; Preece, Jon A.; Richardson, T.; Tunnicliffe, D.L.

doi:10.1039/b718888a

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 54 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…Currently, the electrical properties of such wires are being determined. This methodology has recently been extended to C 60 [89]. Addition of a hydrophilic adduct to the fullerenes enabled their formation into bilayers using LangmuirSchaeffer techniques.…”

Section: Uv Rch 3 Rcoohmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bionanofabrication by Near-Field Optical Methods

Leggett

2007

Nanobiotechnol

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Near-field optical methods offer unique potential in nanofabrication, because they provide the capacity to initiate highly selective chemical transformations with nanometer scale precision. The basic principles behind scanning near-field photolithography (SNP), in which a scanning near-field optical microscope coupled to a UV laser is used to initiate surface chemical reactions, are described. The fundamental principles underlying the patterning of self-assembled monolayers by SNP are described, and the resolution limits and the basic principles that enable routine achievement of sub-50 nm resolution are discussed. Illustrations are provided of the application of SNP to the patterning of protein molecules on gold surfaces. The patterning of molecular adsorbates on oxide surfaces, including the fabrication of highly miniaturized arrays of DNA on silicon dioxide, is also described. It is argued that SNP holds great promise for the organization of biomolecules on nanometer length scales.

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Section: Uv Rch 3 Rcoohmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Right: tapping mode AFM image of 70 nm "wires" formed by photochemical cross-linking of C 60 by near-field exposure. Reproduced from[89].…”

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confidence: 98%

Bionanofabrication by Near-Field Optical Methods

Leggett

2007

Nanobiotechnol

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“…Films of buckminsterfullere, C 60 , have been patterned in a very similar way. 89 Introduction of a hydrophyllic adduct (consisting of two oligo(ethylene glycol) chains) assists with Langmuir-Schaeffer film formation, enabling transfer to a silicon wafer in an organised structure, following which SNP can be used to initiate photochemical cross-linking to yield patterns of wires, that may be imaged by AFM following rinsing to remove unmodified particles (Fig. 9(b)).…”

Section: Other Resist Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-directed nanosynthesis: near-field optical approaches to integration of the top-down and bottom-up fabrication paradigms

Leggett

2012

Nanoscale

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The integration of top-down (lithographic) and bottom-up (synthetic chemical) methodologies remains a major goal in nanoscience. At larger length scales, light-directed chemical synthesis, first reported two decades ago, provides a model for this integration, by combining the spatial selectivity of photolithography with the synthetic utility of photochemistry. This review describes attempts to realise a similar integration at the nanoscale, by employing near-field optical probes to initiate selective chemical transformations in regions a few tens of nm in size. A combination of near-field exposure and an ultra-thin resist yields exceptional performance: in self-assembled monolayers, an ultimate resolution of 9 nm (ca. λ/30) has been achieved. A wide range of methodologies, based on monolayers of thiols, silanes and phosphonic acids, and thin films of nanoparticles and polymers, have been developed for use on metal and oxide surfaces, enabling the fabrication of metal nanowires, nanostructured polymers and nanopatterned oligonucleotides and proteins. Recently parallel lithography approaches have demonstrated the capacity to pattern macroscopic areas, and the ability to function under fluid, suggesting exciting possibilities for surface chemistry at the nanoscale.

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“…One method to create these patterns is by exposure of thiol-stabilised gold NPs supported on silicon wafers to UV light leading to oxidation of the thiol and coagulation of the NPs [20], or photo-crosslinking of C60 derivatives [21], forming dense structures that are resistant to removal by organic solvents. Methods exist to further derivatise gold surfaces, such as those formed, with oligonucleotide sequences [11,22,23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of patterned surfaces by photolithographic exposure of DNA hairpins carrying a novel photolabile group

Manning

Leigh

Ramos

et al. 2010

Journal of Experimental Nanoscience

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This article demonstrates a method for the fabrication of patterned surfaces using hairpin oligonucleotides carrying a novel photolabile group at the apex of the loop. Photolysis of surfaces carrying photolabile hairpin oligonucleotides results in the formation of areas carrying single-stranded DNA sequences that direct the deposition of the complementary sequence at the photolysed sites. The nonphotolysed areas carrying the intact hairpin do not bind to complementary sequences due to the presence of the more stable intramolecular hairpin duplex. The photolithographic process was performed on silicon wafers and followed by atomic force microscopy and epi-fluorescent microscopy. The method described offers an attractive option for the fabrication of biologically interfaced patterned surfaces with specific recognition properties with potential uses in electronics and as biosensors.

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Photochemical fabrication of three-dimensional micro- and nano-structured surfaces from a C60 monoadduct

Cited by 8 publications

References 54 publications

Bionanofabrication by Near-Field Optical Methods

Bionanofabrication by Near-Field Optical Methods

Light-directed nanosynthesis: near-field optical approaches to integration of the top-down and bottom-up fabrication paradigms

Fabrication of patterned surfaces by photolithographic exposure of DNA hairpins carrying a novel photolabile group

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