Photocatalytic Nanofiber Membranes for the Degradation of Micropollutants and Their Antimicrobial Activity: Recent Advances and Future Prospects

Abstract

This review paper systematically evaluates current progress on the development and performance of photocatalytic nanofiber membranes often used in the removal of micropollutants from water systems. It is demonstrated that nanofiber membranes serve as excellent support materials for photocatalytic nanoparticles, leading to nanofiber membranes with enhanced optical properties, as well as improved recovery, recyclability, and reusability. The tremendous performance of photocatalytic membranes is attributed to the photogenerated reactive oxygen species such as hydroxyl radicals, singlet oxygen, and superoxide anion radicals introduced by catalytic nanoparticles such as TiO2 and ZnO upon light irradiation. Hydroxyl radicals are the most reactive species responsible for most of the photodegradation processes of these unwanted pollutants. The review also demonstrates that self-cleaning and antimicrobial nanofiber membranes are useful in the removal of microbial species in water. These unique materials are also applicable in other fields such as wound dressing since the membrane allows for oxygen flow in wounds to heal while antimicrobial agents protect wounds against infections. It is demonstrated that antimicrobial activities against bacteria and photocatalytic degradation of micropollutants significantly reduce membrane fouling. Therefore, the review demonstrates that electrospun photocatalytic nanofiber membranes with antimicrobial activity form efficient cost-effective multifunctional composite materials for the removal of unwanted species in water and for use in various other applications such as filtration, adsorption and electrocatalysis.

Photocatalytic Antimicrobials: Principles, Design Strategies, and Applications

“…However, wound dressings containing antibiotics always suffer from the narrow antimicrobial range, and their bactericidal efficacy may be hampered by antibiotic resistance. The PCAT strategy may provide a solution to this problem, since it has effective antimicrobial action against various kinds of microbial species and is not easy lead to the occurrence of resistance in pathogens (Figure E). − Yin et al developed microneedle patches based on magnesium-organic frameworks for diabetic wounds healing. Backing layers of MN-MOF-GO-Ag consisted of γ-PGA hydrogels and GO-Ag composites (Figure A) .…”

Nanotechnology-Based Solutions for Antibiofouling Applications: An Overview

“…Photoactive metal oxide NPs such as ZnO, titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), and tin(IV) oxide (SnO 2 ) are extensively utilized for antimicrobial, self-cleaning, self-healing, anticorrosion, and anti-biofouling applications. 107 The antifouling action of metal oxide NPs occurs via releasing metal ions from respective NMs upon photochemical activation by UV/visible irradiation. 108 Subsequently, reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as • OH radicals and O 2 − anions are generated.…”

Current Status and Advancement of Nanomaterials within Polymeric Membranes for Water Purification

“…Another way of improving these nanofiber-based polymeric membranes is to blend them with photocatalysts, since this not only improves the recovery while minimizing secondary contamination but also enables recyclability, reusability, and improved life span of the photocatalyst . Numerous investigations have been documented regarding the electrospinning of photocatalytic nanomaterials, including zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), in combination with polymeric materials.…”