“…Modification of crystal structure or doping of metals can be used to increase the photocatalytic efficiency by inhibiting photogenerated electron-hole recombination, or increasing visible-light absorption by forming impurity bands. For instance, Zheng et al developed a one-dimensional photocatalyst from Cu-TiO 2 nanofibers, it has the advantages of high aspect ratio, large surface area, and limited aggregation (Ref 125 , 126 ). Characterization of the photocatalyst demonstrated that Cu 2+ substituted Ti 4+ in the TiO 2 lattice and formed an impurity energy level below the conduction band of TiO 2 , which enabled the nanofibers to realize visible-light response.…”
There have been ever-growing demands for disinfection of water and air in recent years. Efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective methods of disinfection for pathogens are vital to the health of human beings. The photocatalysis route has attracted worldwide attention due to its highly efficient oxidative capabilities and sustainable recycling, which can be used to realize the disinfection purposes without secondary pollution. Though many studies have comprehensively reviewed the work about photocatalytic disinfection, including design and fabrication of photocatalytic coatings, inactivation mechanisms, or practical applications, systematic reviews about the disinfection photocatalysis coatings from fabrication to effort for practical use are still rare. Among different ways of fabricating photocatalytic materials, thermal spray is a versatile surface coating technique and competitive in constructing large-scale functional coatings, which is a most promising way for the future environmental purification, biomedical and life health applications. In this review, we briefly introduced various photocatalytic materials and corresponding inactivation mechanisms for virus, bacteria and fungus. We summarized the thermal-sprayed photocatalysts and their antimicrobial performances. Finally, we discussed the future perspectives of the photocatalytic disinfection coatings for potential applications. This review would shed light on the development and implementation of sustainable disinfection strategies that is applicable for extensive use for controlling pathogens in the near future.
“…Modification of crystal structure or doping of metals can be used to increase the photocatalytic efficiency by inhibiting photogenerated electron-hole recombination, or increasing visible-light absorption by forming impurity bands. For instance, Zheng et al developed a one-dimensional photocatalyst from Cu-TiO 2 nanofibers, it has the advantages of high aspect ratio, large surface area, and limited aggregation (Ref 125 , 126 ). Characterization of the photocatalyst demonstrated that Cu 2+ substituted Ti 4+ in the TiO 2 lattice and formed an impurity energy level below the conduction band of TiO 2 , which enabled the nanofibers to realize visible-light response.…”
There have been ever-growing demands for disinfection of water and air in recent years. Efficient, eco-friendly, and cost-effective methods of disinfection for pathogens are vital to the health of human beings. The photocatalysis route has attracted worldwide attention due to its highly efficient oxidative capabilities and sustainable recycling, which can be used to realize the disinfection purposes without secondary pollution. Though many studies have comprehensively reviewed the work about photocatalytic disinfection, including design and fabrication of photocatalytic coatings, inactivation mechanisms, or practical applications, systematic reviews about the disinfection photocatalysis coatings from fabrication to effort for practical use are still rare. Among different ways of fabricating photocatalytic materials, thermal spray is a versatile surface coating technique and competitive in constructing large-scale functional coatings, which is a most promising way for the future environmental purification, biomedical and life health applications. In this review, we briefly introduced various photocatalytic materials and corresponding inactivation mechanisms for virus, bacteria and fungus. We summarized the thermal-sprayed photocatalysts and their antimicrobial performances. Finally, we discussed the future perspectives of the photocatalytic disinfection coatings for potential applications. This review would shed light on the development and implementation of sustainable disinfection strategies that is applicable for extensive use for controlling pathogens in the near future.
“…Finally, the photocatalytic disinfection efficiency of viruses is obtained using Eq. (1) : where N t and N 0 stand for concentrations at the time t and the initial time, respectively, and Q is the microorganism removal efficiency [46] . Fig.…”
Section: Inactivation Of Viruses By Heterogeneous Photocatalysismentioning
“…% to cause a substitution in the crystal lattice [69]. Previous studies have reported the use of a Cu-TiO2 system for the removal of several microorganisms such as Escherichia coli [67,69,70,71,72], In consequence, Cu-doped TiO2 increases its charge-transfer resistance and decreases the capacitance, in addition to exhibiting a shift in the optical absorption edge to the visible region which indicates a narrowing of the band gap in the semiconductor [70].…”
J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 2 Graphical Abstract Highlights Photoactive TiO2 nanomaterials can solve the actual microbial infectious defies The microbial cell/TiO2 surface approach is key to get the photo-kill mechanism Microbial preparation requires a reproducible protocol for proper characterization Advanced surface characterization techniques can unravel the photo-kill mechanism Generation of ROS, physical injuries and biocidal features confirm the annihilation J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f Abstract The approach of this timely review considers the current literature that is focused on the interface nanostructure/cell-wall microorganism to understand the annihilation mechanism. Morphological studies use optical and electronic microscopes to determine the physical damage on the cell-wall and the possible cell lysis that confirms the viability and microorganism death. The key parameters of the tailoring the surface of the photoactive nanostructures such as the metal functionalization with bacteriostatic properties, hydrophilicity, textural porosity, morphology and the formation of heterojunction systems, can achieve the effective eradication of the microorganisms under natural conditions, ranging from practical to applications in environment, agriculture, and so on. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of the microorganism/nanomaterial interface approach has rarely been conducted. The final remarks point the ideal photocatalytic way for the effective prevention/eradication of microorganisms, considering the resistance that the microorganism could develop without the appropriate regulatory aspects for human and ecosystem safety. Introduction and background 1. TiO 2 based materials obtained from TiO 2 and its composites J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f previous studies have demonstrated that photocatalysis can be considered a promising tool in anticancer therapies, since the photocatalyst can kill cancer cells such as HeLa cells, which cause cervical cancer [7]. The energy absorbed by the photocatalyst comprises the range of ultraviolet and/or visible light, even natural sunlight. When the photocatalyst absorbs light, if the energy of the photons is enough to excite the electrons J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 6in the valence band (VB), then they migrate to a higher energy level in the conduction band (CB) of the material, as it is illustrated in Fig. 1. This phenomenon generates the charge carriers known as hole-electron pairs. The photogenerated hole can migrate to the surface of the material and react with water molecules or hydroxyl ions to produce hydroxyl radicals, while the photoexcited electron in the conduction band can react with the adsorbed molecular oxygen to produce superoxide ions [8]. Since the report of Fujishima and Honda about the water splitting process using a TiO2 electrode under UV irradiation, numerous studies have exploited the photoactive properties of this material [9,10]. Several reviews have studied the relationship between the electronic properties of TiO2 with...
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
