“…The major MS 2 fragments m/z 132 to [M+H-C 4 H 8 O 2 N 2 ] and m/z 99 could correspond to [M+H-C 4 H 4 NOClS]. However, the two transformation products found by Zabar et al (2012) with major ESI + fragment m/ z 206 and 208 were not detected, probably due to a higher degradation rate obtained by solar irradiation in the present study.…”
Section: Identification and Evolution Of The Organic Intermediatescontrasting
confidence: 73%
“…Several TPs of TH (2), IM (4), and AC (2) were isolated and identified using two transitions for each TP. These transitions obtained by HPLC-ESI + -MS/MS were correlated with previously published data (Kim et al 2012a, b;Zabar et al 2012;Yamamuro et al 2014).…”
Section: Identification and Evolution Of The Organic Intermediatesmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…This behaviour is in accordance with other studies performed on neonicotinoids. However, the apparent rate constants and half-lives calculated within our study differ in comparison to other photocatalytic works, due to the different experimental setups and conditions such as photon flux, photocatalyst concentration and Na 2 S 2 O 8 concentration (Malato et al 2001;Cernigoj et al 2007;Kitsiou et al 2009;Zabar et al 2012). Therefore, a comparison of photocatalytic degradation of NIs with ZnO and TiO 2 was evaluated at equal level of photon absorption following the method proposed by Dolat et al (2012).…”
Section: Kinetics Of Photo-assisted Catalysis In Zno and Tio 2 Suspenmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…In recent years, the photocatalytic degradation of neonicotinoids in aqueous solution has been studied using TiO 2 as catalyst (Malato et al 2001;Cernigoj et al 2007;Cao et al 2008;Kitsiou et al 2009;Bernabeu et al 2011;Guzsvány et al 2012;Zabar et al 2012;Mir et al 2013). However, the effect of ZnO for the removal of these insecticides from water has received little attention.…”
The photocatalytic degradation of three neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs), thiamethoxam (TH), imidacloprid (IM) and acetamiprid (AC), in pure water has been studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as photocatalysts under natural sunlight and artificial light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of these chalcogenide oxides in tandem with the electron acceptor (Na2S2O8) strongly enhances the degradation rate of these compounds in comparison with those carried out with ZnO and TiO2 alone and photolytic tests. Comparison of catalysts showed that ZnO is the most efficient for the removal of such insecticides in optimal conditions and at constant volumetric rate of photon absorption. Thus, the complete disappearance of all the studied compounds was achieved after 10 and 30 min of artificial light irradiation, in the ZnO/Na2S2O8 and TiO2/Na2S2O8 systems, respectively. The highest degradation rate was noticed for IM, while the lowest rate constant was obtained for AC under artificial light irradiation. In addition, solar irradiation was more efficient compared to artificial light for the removal of these insecticides from water. The main photocatalytic intermediates detected during the degradation of NIs were identified.
“…The major MS 2 fragments m/z 132 to [M+H-C 4 H 8 O 2 N 2 ] and m/z 99 could correspond to [M+H-C 4 H 4 NOClS]. However, the two transformation products found by Zabar et al (2012) with major ESI + fragment m/ z 206 and 208 were not detected, probably due to a higher degradation rate obtained by solar irradiation in the present study.…”
Section: Identification and Evolution Of The Organic Intermediatescontrasting
confidence: 73%
“…Several TPs of TH (2), IM (4), and AC (2) were isolated and identified using two transitions for each TP. These transitions obtained by HPLC-ESI + -MS/MS were correlated with previously published data (Kim et al 2012a, b;Zabar et al 2012;Yamamuro et al 2014).…”
Section: Identification and Evolution Of The Organic Intermediatesmentioning
confidence: 65%
“…This behaviour is in accordance with other studies performed on neonicotinoids. However, the apparent rate constants and half-lives calculated within our study differ in comparison to other photocatalytic works, due to the different experimental setups and conditions such as photon flux, photocatalyst concentration and Na 2 S 2 O 8 concentration (Malato et al 2001;Cernigoj et al 2007;Kitsiou et al 2009;Zabar et al 2012). Therefore, a comparison of photocatalytic degradation of NIs with ZnO and TiO 2 was evaluated at equal level of photon absorption following the method proposed by Dolat et al (2012).…”
Section: Kinetics Of Photo-assisted Catalysis In Zno and Tio 2 Suspenmentioning
confidence: 82%
“…In recent years, the photocatalytic degradation of neonicotinoids in aqueous solution has been studied using TiO 2 as catalyst (Malato et al 2001;Cernigoj et al 2007;Cao et al 2008;Kitsiou et al 2009;Bernabeu et al 2011;Guzsvány et al 2012;Zabar et al 2012;Mir et al 2013). However, the effect of ZnO for the removal of these insecticides from water has received little attention.…”
The photocatalytic degradation of three neonicotinoid insecticides (NIs), thiamethoxam (TH), imidacloprid (IM) and acetamiprid (AC), in pure water has been studied using zinc oxide (ZnO) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as photocatalysts under natural sunlight and artificial light irradiation. Photocatalytic experiments showed that the addition of these chalcogenide oxides in tandem with the electron acceptor (Na2S2O8) strongly enhances the degradation rate of these compounds in comparison with those carried out with ZnO and TiO2 alone and photolytic tests. Comparison of catalysts showed that ZnO is the most efficient for the removal of such insecticides in optimal conditions and at constant volumetric rate of photon absorption. Thus, the complete disappearance of all the studied compounds was achieved after 10 and 30 min of artificial light irradiation, in the ZnO/Na2S2O8 and TiO2/Na2S2O8 systems, respectively. The highest degradation rate was noticed for IM, while the lowest rate constant was obtained for AC under artificial light irradiation. In addition, solar irradiation was more efficient compared to artificial light for the removal of these insecticides from water. The main photocatalytic intermediates detected during the degradation of NIs were identified.
“…To minimize its toxicity, an efficient method seems very necessary. We have observed that a few authors have investigated the degradation of THIA by methods such as direct photolysis (de Urzedo et al, 2007), photocatalysis (Mir et al, 2013), methods involving Fe/Fe 3 O 4 composites (de Urzedo et al, 2009), reactive oxidative species , immobilized TiO 2 ( Zabar et al, 2012), and zero-valent metals under ultrasonic irradiation (Lopes et al, 2008). However, studies about degradation of THIA by ozonation were little.…”
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